2024
DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105061
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A review of the state-of-the-art wastewater quality characterization and measurement technologies. Is the shift to real-time monitoring nowadays feasible?

Alessandro Moretti,
Heidi Lynn Ivan,
Jan Skvaril
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Cited by 2 publications
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“…To date, a significant number of laboratory models and several industrially produced biosensor BOD analyzers are known (now, the average cost of a commercial BOD biosensor is about USD 30,000). Reviews [9][10][11] have summarized information on BOD sensors developed to date, making it possible to determine BOD in the average range of 5-300 mg/L in about 5-60 min. Current problems regarding the development of BOD sensors include increasing the sensitivity of the analysis, increasing the long-term stability, simplifying maintenance requirements, and the insufficient resistance of the used microorganism cultures to heavy metals and various toxic substances [12,13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…To date, a significant number of laboratory models and several industrially produced biosensor BOD analyzers are known (now, the average cost of a commercial BOD biosensor is about USD 30,000). Reviews [9][10][11] have summarized information on BOD sensors developed to date, making it possible to determine BOD in the average range of 5-300 mg/L in about 5-60 min. Current problems regarding the development of BOD sensors include increasing the sensitivity of the analysis, increasing the long-term stability, simplifying maintenance requirements, and the insufficient resistance of the used microorganism cultures to heavy metals and various toxic substances [12,13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The use of redox-active polymers and their nanocomposites for the amperometric assessment of BOD and toxicity has attracted much attention due to their ease of miniaturization, reliability, and low cost [9,21,22]. The biosensor current is generated by redox-active particles of the polymer; they transfer electrons from the biomaterial to the electrode.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%