A review of the significance and formation of chlorinated N-organic compounds in water supplies including preliminary studies on the chlorination of alanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, cytosine, and syringic acid

Ram, Neil M.

doi:10.1016/0160-4120(85)90227-2

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…formed the highest level of DCAN during chlorination at pH 7 because the polypeptides and hydrophobic substances with amino acid moieties were used to create more DCAN [34]. Although Gosian et al reported that Asp produced the maximum yields of DCAN (pH = 8) during chlorination [35], it was not in agreement with our study.…”

Section: Han and Tcnm Formation During Different Times Of Chlorinationcontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…Hong et al reported that the chlorination of AAs could lead to nitrile formation [32], and the chlorination of nitrile by HOCl might contribute to the formation of DCAN [33]. Tyr formed the highest level of DCAN during chlorination at pH 7 because the polypeptides and hydrophobic substances with amino acid moieties were used to create more DCAN [34]. Although Gosian et al reported that Asp produced the maximum yields of DCAN (pH = 8) during chlorination [35], it was not in agreement with our study.…”

Section: Determinations Of Predicted Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Pre-Oxidation on Haloacetonitrile and Trichloronitromethane Formation during Subsequent Chlorination of Nitrogenous Organic Compounds

Wang

Lin

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The reaction between organic matter and disinfectants leads to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. With the improvement of detection technology and in-depth research, more than 1000 kinds of DBPs have been detected in drinking water. Nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) are more genotoxic and cytotoxic than the regulated DBPs. The main methods are enhanced coagulation, pretreatment, and depth technologies which based are on conventional technology. Amino acids (AAs) are widely found in surface waters and play an important role by providing precursors from which toxic nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) are generated in chlorinated drinking water. The formation of N-DBPs, including dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, and trichloronitromethane (TCNM), was investigated by analyzing chlorinated water using ozone (OZ), permanganate (PM), and ferrate (Fe(VI)) pre-oxidation processes. This paper has considered the control of pre-oxidation over N-DBPs formation of AAs, OZ, PM, and Fe(VI) pre-oxidation reduced the haloacetonitrile formation in the downstream chlorination. PM pre-oxidation decreased the TCNM formation during the subsequent chlorination, while Fe(VI) pre-oxidation had no significant influence on the TCNM formation, and OZ pre-oxidation increased the formation. OZ pre-oxidation formed the lowest degree of bromine substitution during subsequent chlorination of aspartic acid in the presence of bromide. Among the three oxidants, PM pre-oxidation was expected to be the best choice for reducing the estimated genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the sum of the measured haloacetonitriles (HANs) and TCNM without bromide. Fe(VI) pre-oxidation had the best performance in the presence of bromide.

show abstract

Section: Han and Tcnm Formation During Different Times Of Chlorinationcontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: Determinations Of Predicted Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pre-Oxidation on Haloacetonitrile and Trichloronitromethane Formation during Subsequent Chlorination of Nitrogenous Organic Compounds

Wang

Lin

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The high level of DCAN FP of aspartic acid has been validated in two previous studies: that of Trehy et al (16) in which they used 158 µg/mg-C at pH of 6.4; and that of Bond et al (23) in which they used 0.06 mol/mol 130 µg/mg-C) at pH of 7. Both studies concur with a study by Ram et al in which the chlorination of AAs, polypeptides, and hydrophobic substances with amino acid moieties were used to create DCAN (27). Although Chu et al (28) reported the formation of non-detectable HANs (DCAN and TCAN) in 0.1 mM of alanine after chlorination, in our study we observed a DCAN formation level of only 3.9 µg/mg-C DCAN after chlorination.…”

Section: Haloacetonitriles (Hans)supporting

confidence: 92%

“…In both studies, DCAN levels were 10% of the molar concentration for THMs. DCAN formation also occurred when amino acid moieties were used to during the chlorination of AAs, polypeptides, and hydrophobic substances (27). Moreover, aspartic acid (16,23) and alanine (28) used in chlorination has caused the formation of HANs from AAs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbonaceous and Nitrogenous Disinfecion By-Product Formation Potentials of Amino Acids

Selbes

Shan

Bekaroğlu

et al. 2015

ACS Symposium Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nine amino acids (AAs) were examined under different oxidation conditions to determine their formation potential for regulated carbonaceous DBPs (trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)) and selected emerging nitrogenous DBPs (haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes (HNMs) and nitrosamines). Aspartic acid and histidine exhibited very high dihalogenated-HANs and HAAs formation during chlorination, but their reactivity significantly decreased after ozonation. Glycine followed by lysine yieled the highest level of HNMs and THMs formation during ozonation-chlorination, but they did not have measurable yields for either classes of DBPs during chlorination. All other AAs showed very low carbonaceous and nitrogenous DBP yields. The nitrosamine yields of all nine AAs were very low or below the minimum reporting levels during chloramination, ozonation, and ozonation-chloramination.These results indicated that the presence of AAs in natural waters can result in some contributions to certain halogenated DBPs depending on the oxidation conditions. However, they do not appear to be an important contributor to nitrosamines formation.

show abstract

“…However, studying the transformation mechanisms of humic/fulvic acids during peroxidation and chlorination is quite difficult, due to their complicated chemical structures. Tyrosine (Tyr) with a simple structure is a natural amino acid and is present in many peptides, proteins and algae (Ram, 1985;Szajdak and € Osterberg, 1996). In some US water treatment plants influent samples, the Tyr concentration of influent may reach 27.4 mg L À1 (Mitch et al, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does KMnO4 preoxidation reduce the genotoxicity of disinfection by-products?

Chang

Bai

2016

Chemosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A review of the significance and formation of chlorinated N-organic compounds in water supplies including preliminary studies on the chlorination of alanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, cytosine, and syringic acid

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Pre-Oxidation on Haloacetonitrile and Trichloronitromethane Formation during Subsequent Chlorination of Nitrogenous Organic Compounds

Effects of Pre-Oxidation on Haloacetonitrile and Trichloronitromethane Formation during Subsequent Chlorination of Nitrogenous Organic Compounds

Carbonaceous and Nitrogenous Disinfecion By-Product Formation Potentials of Amino Acids

Does KMnO4 preoxidation reduce the genotoxicity of disinfection by-products?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About