A review of the relationship between tooth loss, periodontal disease, and cancer

Abstract

Recent studies have investigated the association between periodontal disease, tooth loss, and several systemic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and preterm birth. Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, is highly prevalent in adult populations around the world, and may be preventable. Estimates of prevalence vary between races and geographic regions, with a marked increase in the occurrence of periodontal disease with advancing age. Worldwide estimates for the prevalence of severe periodontal disease generally range from 10 to 15%. The relationship between oral health and cancer has been examined for a number of specific cancer sites. Several studies have reported associations between periodontal disease or tooth loss and risk of oral, upper gastrointestinal, lung, and pancreatic cancer in different populations. In a number of studies, these associations persisted after adjustment for major risk factors, including cigarette smoking and socioeconomic status. This review provides a summary of these findings, discusses possible biological mechanisms involved, and raises methodological issues related to studying these relationships.

Simultaneous Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. mitis, and S. oralis by a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay Targeting the gyrB Gene

“…The oral cavity is a reservoir of bacteria comprising more than 700 species or phylotypes, of which approximately 35% have not been cultured (40). The VGS, a major oral streptococcal group, is known for its low pathogenicity and virulence, but several prospective studies have shown positive associations between oral inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (41), preterm birth (42), and certain cancers (43). Recently, additional studies have shown that S. mitis is implicated in pancreatic disease, including autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (7).…”

Alcohol Treatment of Oral Streptococcus Spp. Increased the Entry of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 into Non-Malignant and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells

“…proliferation following low level (e.g., 5%,v/v, 50 mg/mL.) ETOH treatment will increase expression of Annexin A2, and EGFR to also enhance HPV 16 entry [13,14,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

“…Among human populations AA is a product of both tobacco (e.g., smoke and E-cigarette) [21] and alcohol metabolism which increases risk for oral disorders such as premalignant and malignant carcinoma [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. AA facilitates these problems by entering epithelium through membrane to induce DNA damage, bulky adduct formation; N 2 -acetaldehyde deoxyguanine.…”

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and Its Implication on Head and Neck Cancer

“…The relationship between oral health and cancer has been examined for a number of specific cancer sites. Several studies have reported associations between periodontal disease or tooth loss and risk of oral, upper gastrointestinal, lung, and pancreatic cancer in different populations (Meyer et al, 2008). Cumulating evidences support the view that inflammatory mediators, some of that may downregulate DNA repair pathways directly or indirectly.…”