A Review of the Relationship between Poverty, Population Growth, and Environment

Malik, Seeme; Ghani, Naghmana

doi:10.30541/v44i4iipp.597-614

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The birth rate has the tendency to be high, linked to the high rate of poverty, and so a continued high proportion of the population will continually live in poverty. 35,37,47 This postulation justified the inclusion of population growth rate in equation 1and as argued in the Solow Growth model. The results in this study show that an increase in the population growth rate results in an increase in the rate of poverty (because more people tend to chase fewer resources) by 93.4 percent, 45.9 percent, 10.1 percent and 22.6 percent respectively, as shown in the Appendices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The major advantage of the SL theory is that it is focused on individuals and their livelihoods instead of resources and their exhaustion. 37 Therefore, the model for this study was adopted from the empirical work of Ogundipe et al, 6 and the model assumed a linear relationship of the poverty (proxy for SDG 1) determinants in West Africa, which are specified in implicit form as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agriculture as a Stimulant for Sustainable Development in ECOWAS

et al. 2019

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This study utilized secondary data sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI), International Labour Organisation (ILO), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) econometric technique was used to analyze the data. Sustainable Development Goal 1, a proxy for poverty, was used as the dependent variable, while agriculture value added, employment in the agricultural sector, inequality, literacy rate, population growth rate, and gross domestic savings were the explanatory variables. The study found that both agriculture value added and employment in the agricultural sector were statistically significant in explaining poverty and negatively related to poverty in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) subregion. Therefore, based on the findings, the study recommends that the governments of ECOWAS countries should focus more on agriculture in order to become exporters of cash crops to boost their economies and increase savings that can be used to alleviate and eliminate poverty among the people.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture as a Stimulant for Sustainable Development in ECOWAS

et al. 2019

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“…In Pakistan, population growth has eroded fruits of higher economic growth. It is considered a cause for poverty [Mallick and Ghani (2005)].…”

Section: Data Sources and Research Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Defense Expenditures Pro Poor or Anti Poor in Pakistan? An Empirical Investigation

Hussain¹,

Hussain²,

Erum³

2022

pdr

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Recent increase in defense expenditure (Dexp hereinafter) in Pakistan due to increase in internal security and terrorism is an issue of concern to many Pakistani and other stakeholders in the Pakistan economy. Presently, internal security issues especially that of the increasingly violent homegrown terrorism is forcing increasing financial cost on government‘s expenditure towards defense sector. According to Budget documents, defense budget amounts to Rs 700. 2 billion for the 2014-15 fiscal year compared with Rs 627.2 billion allocated in the preceding fiscal year, showing an increase of Rs 73 billion. However, these figures do not include Rs 163.4 billion allocated for pensions of the military personnel.1 In addition to this, military would also be given Rs 165 billion under the contingent liability and Rs 85 billion under the Coalition Support Fund (CSF). This means that in reality Rs 1113 billion has been allocated for the military which is about 28.2 percent of the country‘s total budget [Sheikh and Yousaf (2014)]. This has led to diversion of the money needed for much-needed development projects, as the share of current expenditure in total budgetary outlay for 2014-15 is 80.5 percent.2 This diversion of funds has economic implication since some social sectors are likely to suffer in Pakistan

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“…Some researchers have pointed out several factors that can affect the PPP and HDI, including Grubaugh [29], who stated the variables that influence the growth of HDI in developing countries are population, population growth, and the initial level of the gross domestic product (GDP). Meanwhile, Mallick and Ghani [30] found that high population growth is the cause of poverty in Pakistan. While in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, the GRDP and education level to university have a positive and significant influence in reducing the PPP [31].…”

Section: Data Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Spline Smoothing and Kernel Estimator in Biresponse Nonparametric Regression

Rahmawati

Budiantara

Prastyo

et al. 2021

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

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Mixed estimators in nonparametric regression have been developed in models with one response. The biresponse cases with different patterns among predictor variables that tend to be mixed estimators are often encountered. Therefore, in this article, we propose a biresponse nonparametric regression model with mixed spline smoothing and kernel estimators. This mixed estimator is suitable for modeling biresponse data with several patterns (response vs. predictors) that tend to change at certain subintervals such as the spline smoothing pattern, and other patterns that tend to be random are commonly modeled using kernel regression. The mixed estimator is obtained through two-stage estimation, i.e., penalized weighted least square (PWLS) and weighted least square (WLS). Furthermore, the proposed biresponse modeling with mixed estimators is validated using simulation data. This estimator is also applied to the percentage of the poor population and human development index data. The results show that the proposed model can be appropriately implemented and gives satisfactory results.

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A Review of the Relationship between Poverty, Population Growth, and Environment

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Agriculture as a Stimulant for Sustainable Development in ECOWAS

Agriculture as a Stimulant for Sustainable Development in ECOWAS

Are Defense Expenditures Pro Poor or Anti Poor in Pakistan? An Empirical Investigation

Mixed Spline Smoothing and Kernel Estimator in Biresponse Nonparametric Regression

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