A review of the recycling of non-metallic fractions of printed circuit boards

Canal-Marques, André; Marrero, José M. Cabrera; Malfatti, Célia de Fraga

doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-521

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…However, there is little or no direct information on the toxicity of these compounds on the bioleaching organisms in this study, or even microbial communities more generally. Marques et al (2013; and references therein) show the non-metallic fraction contains thermosetting resins (epoxy), , 1948;Torma and Itzkovitch, 1976). Moreover, Okibe and Johnson (2002) have…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The use of pyrite as a source of lixiviant in the bioleaching of electronic waste

et al. 2015

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Electronic waste (e-waste) contains a wide range of elements, many of which are highly toxic to environmental and human health. On the other hand e-waste represents a significant potential source of valuable metals. This study used microbial oxidation of pyrite to generate a biolixiviant. Its efficiency in the dissolution of metals from printed circuit boards (PCBs) was evaluated as well as the effects of metals and PCB concentrations on microbial activity.The addition of elemental metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Sn, Zn) had an immediate inhibitory effect on pyrite oxidation, though leaching recovered after a period of adaptation. Bioleaching was inhibited initially by the addition of 1 % (w/v) ground PCB, but recovered rapidly, whereas pulp densities of ≥ 5 % had sustained negative impacts on culture activity and viability. The loss of culture viability meant that only abiotic copper dissolution occurred at ≥ 5 % PCB.Final copper recoveries declined with increasing PCB pulp density. The relatively high content of elemental iron caused a lag period in copper solubilisation possibly due to displacement reactions. Leptospirillum ferriphilum was primarily responsible for pyrite oxidation, and most affected by both the pure metals (particularly Ni and Cu) and PCB.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…PCBs are a mixture of polymers, ceramics and metals tightly bonded together (Luda, 2011;Marques et al, 2013). They make up just 3 % of e-waste mass, but account for the major fraction of valuable metals (Luda, 2011;Tuncuk et al, 2012;Vestola et al, 2010).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of pyrite as a source of lixiviant in the bioleaching of electronic waste

et al. 2015

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“…The cost of NMF from PCBW was assumed to be zero. For the labor cost, the minimum wage according to the Ministry of Labor in Thailand was about 1.25 $/hr [6]. The improved processing time of each table-top product refers to Figure 4 as mentioned above.…”

Section: Simplified Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The printed circuit board (PCB) is a basic component in electrical and electronic devices. A PCB contains approximately 30% metals and 70% non-metals [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The major economic driving force for recycling printed circuit board waste (PCBW) is the value of these metallic fractions, especially copper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Composite Made From Non-Metallic Waste Printed Circuit Boards: Table-Top Product as a Practical Prototype

Kanchanapiya¹

2017

GEOMATE

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This study aims to develop practical products that can be produced from non-metallic fraction (NMF) -a non-valuable waste from the copper recovery process of printed circuit board waste (PCBW) as a reinforcing material in glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) furniture products. A table-top product was selected as the practical prototype. The results show that the new composite, called "NMF composite" can be used to replace the plywood layer or the glass fiber layer in table-top prototypes. The production process and physical properties of the new product, including weight changes, deflection and shrinkage, were studied. The advantage of the practical prototype production over the traditional GFRP production is that the processing time can be improved up to 32% because of no hand lay-up process involved. From the economic analysis and an environmental viewpoint, to promote the recycling of NMF as the filler material in FRP furniture product, government subsidy is necessary to motivate manufacturers to initiate the new product.

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“…These have high calorific value, so release energy in the form of heat upon combustion . Nonmetallic PCB waste has also been evaluated as filler in polypropylene (PP) and investigated the effect of filler on tensile, flexural and fracture behavior …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, thermal, morphological and dynamic mechanical characteristics of waste‐reinforced polypropylene composites: A novel approach for recycling electronic waste

Kumar

Choudhary

Khanna

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An in-depth investigation has been carried toward utilizing polymer-rich nonmetallic fraction of printed circuit boards (PCBs) as reinforcing fillers in polypropylene (PP) composites. The influence of waste additions (up to 25 wt %) on structural, thermal, morphological, and dynamic mechanical behavior of PP composites was investigated using a range of analytical techniques. The incorporation of PCB waste was found to affect the crystalline morphology resulting in the formation of smaller spherulites. The presence of glass fibers in PCB waste promoted the formation of b-crystal enhancing the mechanical properties of composites. Thermal analysis showed a maximum increase of 15 8C in the crystallization onset temperature (T co ) suggesting the nucleating effect of the filler, a feature also supported by structural investigations. Polarized microscopy revealed a reduction in the spherulite size after 5 wt % PCB waste loading owing to the presence of large number of nucleation sites. The incorporation of waste also increased the thermal stability of composites increasing the final degradation temperature by up to 14 8C. Dynamic mechanical properties of PP/ PCB waste composites were determined in the temperature range 220 to 155 8C; a significant increase in the storage modulus further confirmed the reinforcing effect of waste additives. This investigation has shown that the nonmetallic fraction of PCB waste could be used as a cost-effective reinforcing filler for PP, providing an environmental friendly route to utilize electronic waste in value-added products.

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A review of the recycling of non-metallic fractions of printed circuit boards

Cited by 54 publications

References 78 publications

The use of pyrite as a source of lixiviant in the bioleaching of electronic waste

The use of pyrite as a source of lixiviant in the bioleaching of electronic waste

A New Composite Made From Non-Metallic Waste Printed Circuit Boards: Table-Top Product as a Practical Prototype

Structural, thermal, morphological and dynamic mechanical characteristics of waste‐reinforced polypropylene composites: A novel approach for recycling electronic waste

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