A review of the primary dysautonomias of domestic animals

Pollin, M. M.; Griffiths, IR

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(92)90041-r

Cited by 35 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Many of the remaining cells appeared viable, with evenly dispersed Nissl bodies, The histopathological changes were consistent with a diagnosis of dysautonomia (Pollin and Griffiths 1992).…”

Section: Case Historiesmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Marked similarities in clinical presentation, geographical distribution and histopathological changes between the species affected by dysautonomia suggest the possibility of a common aetiology. A neurotoxic or infectious agent has long been suspected as the causative agent in equine grass sickness (Pollin and Griffiths 1992 between grass sickness and Clostridium botulinum type C has been described (Hunter and others 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The condition has been recognised in horses, humans, cats, hares and dogs (Sharp 1987, Pollin andGriffiths 1992). Equine dysautonomia (grass sickness) is recognised most commonly among the domestic species (Cottrell and others 1999), while, in cats, the syndrome was first described in 1982 (Key and Gaskell 1982), with cases reported worldwide throughout the rest of the decade (Sharp 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine dysautonomia: two clinical cases

Jamieson

Scudamore

Ruppert³

et al. 2002

J of Small Animal Practice

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Two clinical cases of canine dysautonomia are described. Two young female neutered dogs were presented with clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhoea, faecal tenesmus, dysphagia and urinary retention. Decreased tear production, dry mucous membranes, bilateral Horner's syndrome, decreased anal sphincter tone and gastrointestinal hypomotility were also observed. Presumptive diagnoses of dysautonomia were made based on the clinical presentation and investigations. Postmortem histopathological examination in one of the cases demonstrated marked depletion of neuronal cell bodies in the intestinal myenteric plexuses and parasympathetic ganglia, confirming the diagnosis in this case. Criteria for aiding the antemortem diagnosis of this rare condition based on clinical observations and diagnostic testing are proposed.

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Section: Case Historiesmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine dysautonomia: two clinical cases

Jamieson

Scudamore

Ruppert³

et al. 2002

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…7,9 Although usually sporadic, small outbreaks of grass sickness have occurred 23 and may even be associated with a similar disease in hares on the same premises. 3,23 Forms of dysautonomia also occur in dogs 12,15,24 and cats, 2,11,17,18 and there has been one report of an affected llama. 4 Both sporadic and familial forms of dysautonomia affect humans 20,25 and may occur more frequently in certain ethnic groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abomasal Emptying Defect of Sheep may be an Acquired Form of Dysautonomia

et al. 2004

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Abstract. Abomasal emptying defect (AED) is a disease syndrome that primarily affects Suffolk sheep and is characterized by distension and impaction of the abomasum. No histologic lesion has been consistently associated with this condition. There is no known etiology. In this study, nine cases of AED were identified by necropsy, including three rams and six ewes between 2 and 6 years of age. Four of the cases occurred sporadically, and five ewes were submitted on the same day from a single flock. Histologic examination of celiacomesenteric ganglia from six of the affected sheep revealed scattered chromatolytic or necrotic neurons, without inflammation. Chromatolytic neurons were observed more frequently in AED-affected sheep than in seven healthy Suffolk sheep (P Ͻ 0.08, weak statistical support). Neuronal necrosis was not observed in any of the healthy sheep. Lineage records of the flock that suffered an outbreak were incompatible with the possibility of a simple inheritance pattern for this disease; furthermore, the very occurrence of AED in outbreak form is inconsistent with transmission solely by inheritance. Only one of the six tested sheep showed concurrent immunohistochemical evidence of scrapie. The lesion pattern in celiacomesenteric ganglia is suggestive of a neurotoxicosis. Neuronal lesions of AED resemble dysautonomic diseases of humans and other animals.

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“…Beim Pferd werden akute, subakute bzw. chronische Verlaufsformen der Graskrankheit voneinander unterschieden (Pollin and Griffiths 1992). Da sich aber die subakute und chronische Verlaufsform in ihrer Symptomatik gleichen (Pinsent 7989J und oft nur durch die Krankheitsdauer definiert werden, wobei unterschiedliche Zerträume fur die verschiedenen Formen genannt werden (Doxey et al 1991b, Fatzer et al 1995 , wird häufig auch nur zwischen akuter und chronischer Dysautonomie unterschieden (Johnson 1995, Pinsent 1989 (Doxey et al 1991b, Fatzer et al 1995, Johnson 1995, Pinsent 1989 (Doxey et al 1991b, Fatzer et al 1995, Johnson 1995, Pinsent 1989 (Johnson 1995, Pinsent 1989, Summers et al 1995 rakteristische Veränderungen an den autonomen Ganglien gesunder Pferde durch intraperitoneale Gabe von Serum, Plasma oder Blut erkrankter Tiere reproduzieren l ass en , oh n e a ll e rdi n g s kl i n i sc h e Sy m pt om e b ei d en Empfängertieren hervorzurufen (Gilmour 1 973b, Gilmour a n d M oul d 7 9 77 ).l m v o r li e g end en Fal l w u rd e b e i d e r h istologischen Untersuchung neben einer Ganglienzelldegeneration mit Eosinophilie der Perikaria, Chromatolyse und Margination der pyknotischen Zellkerne eine numerische Reduktion der Ganglienzellen festgestellt.…”

Section: Pferdeheilkunde 13unclassified

Chronic Grass Sickness (equine dysautonomia) in a 21years old lcelandic mare on a north frisian island

Schulze¹,

Venner²,

Pohlenz³

1997

PHK

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ZusammenfassungBer einer zweietnhalb Jahre alten lsländerstute wurde die Diagnose chronische Graskrankheit gestellt. Das Tier wurde zum Zeitpunkt der Er krankung auf der Weide auf einer der nordfriesischen Inseln gehalten. lm gleichen Bestand Chronical grass sickness (equine dysautonomia) in a 21lz years old lcelandic mare on a northfrisian island Chronic grass sickness (equine dysautonomia) was diagnosed in a two and a half years old lcelandic pony mare from a herd grazed on one of tlre Nodhern Frisian islands. Since 1988, a total of seven young horses up to four years ol age dred jn the same herd under clinical signs af tho :nr io f^nn nf nracc sickness. In the same area, six additional cases occurred in other herds. Typically, the affected animals were grazed on green pastures. Outbreaks of the disease occurred from March to July and were associated with weather changes towards a cooler weather with heavy, chilty winds. After an acute onset of clinical symptoms such as sweating, muscular tremor, dyspnea, tucking up the abdominal floor and arching the back, clinical signs in the presented case were dominated by dysphagia and emaciation. The animal did not pass faeces until the foutlh day after realisation of the disease when diarrhoea was observed for one day. From the fifth to the ninth day 01 the disease no faeces were passed. However, diarrhoea reoccurred from the tenth day on. Intensive symptomatic therapy was carried out. Since the clinical symptoms persisted and the animal developed an additional hyperlipemia, euthanasia was performed two weeks after onset of clinical signs. At necropsy, macroscopic findings included a focal, chronic ulceratron of the cutaneous gastnc mucosa, an acute parasitic colitis and lymphadenitis of the colonic lymphnodes. By histology, degenerative lesions were identified in the autonomic nervous system, the dorsal root ganglia, specific brain stem nuclei and the spinal cord grey matter. Affected neurones and ganglial cells exhibited an eosinophilia of the c\,toplasnr, chromatolysis, margination of pyknotic nuclei and to some degree vacuolisation. In the autonomic plexus and ganglia, the number of ganglial cells was markedly reduced. ln the coeliacomesenteric ganglion, the amount of non neuronal cells was increased. By immunohistochenristry, infiltrations of predominantly T-lymphocytes were detected in a diffuse and follicular pattern. The direct cause of the disease was not determined. However, it was concluded that grass sickness may occur on a sporadic basis in Germany.

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A review of the primary dysautonomias of domestic animals

Cited by 35 publications

References 50 publications

Canine dysautonomia: two clinical cases

Canine dysautonomia: two clinical cases

Abomasal Emptying Defect of Sheep may be an Acquired Form of Dysautonomia

Chronic Grass Sickness (equine dysautonomia) in a 21years old lcelandic mare on a north frisian island

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