A review of the pre-chamber ignition system applied on future low-carbon spark ignition engines

Zhu, Sipeng; Akehurst, Sam; Yuan, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111872

Cited by 84 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…1,2 Therefore, many research works are developed to investigate the pre-chamber jet ignition mechanism and its application in various types of engines. [3][4][5] Pre-chamber jet ignition, also known as turbulent jet ignition (TJI), uses the turbulent hot jets ejected from the pre-chamber to initiate the combustion of the main chamber mixture. 6 As a promising advanced ignition multiple and widely distributed ignition sites in the main chamber, thus decreasing the flame propagation distance, (2) the superior ignition energy present in the turbulent hot jets is higher than that of traditional spark plug, and can reliably ignite the lean mixture, (3) the turbulent jets ejected into the main chamber at high-speed leads to a disturbance to the in-cylinder flow, which is beneficial to accelerate the flame propagation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of spark timing on the pre-chamber jet ignition in a lean-burn natural gas engine

Xue

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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An enhanced combustion concept, pre-chamber jet ignition can provide high ignition energy and a wide dispersion of ignition sources, thus improving combustion performance and realizing stable lean combustion. However, the ignition performance of the pre-chamber jets depends strongly on the pre-chamber combustion process and is sensitive to many factors. Therefore, this paper will explore the impact of spark timing on the pre-chamber combustion, turbulent jet characteristics, and main chamber combustion performance by CFD simulation based on an active pre-chamber natural gas engine. The in-cylinder flow and combustion processes of the engine are calculated with the fuel-air equivalence ratio of the main chamber maintained at 0.5, and the spark timing varied from 684°CA to 708°CA with a step of 3°CA (compression top dead center is 720°CA). The results show that, in the present engine operating point, the pre-chamber combustion heat release rate is improved when the spark timing is retarded from 696°CA to 705°CA, and the injection velocity of the pre-chamber jet accordingly increases. As the spark timing continues to be delayed until 708°CA, the pre-chamber combustion deteriorates, and the injection velocity of the pre-chamber jet decreases. Under the combustion phase CA50 no more than 725°CA and the combustion duration CA5-90 fixed around 30°CA, the IMEP will maintain a relatively stable value when the spark timing is delayed from 693°CA to 705°CA, in the meantime, the NOx emission decreases with the delay of spark timing. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring engine power performance, it is a feasible scheme to delay spark timing to reduce NOx emission for the natural gas engine with an active pre-chamber.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Therefore, many research works are developed to investigate the pre-chamber jet ignition mechanism and its application in various types of engines. 3–5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of spark timing on the pre-chamber jet ignition in a lean-burn natural gas engine

Xue

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…To achieve stable ignition and initial combustion even in ultra-lean conditions, many developers are continuously innovating ignition technologies such as pre-chamber ignition, corona ignition, and microwave ignition [4][5][6][7][8]. These types of ignition systems are called space ignition, which is characterized by more extensive volumetric combustion in contrast to point ignition systems [9]. Using the space ignition systems, high tumble flow and squish flow are effective methods to cause higher turbulence and improve the flame propagation speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interaction between In-Cylinder Turbulent Flow and Flame Front Propagation in an Optical SI Engine Measured by High-Speed PIV

Ikeda¹

2022

Energies

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The relationship between the flow field and flame propagation is essential in determining the dynamics and effects of turbulent flow in an optical SI engine. In this study, high turbulence flow at stable operations was achieved using 12,000 rpm engine speed, 60 kPa absolute intake pressure, 14.7 A/F, and 15 deg. BTDC spark timing. The turbulent flow field and flame propagation interplay were analyzed through the simultaneous high-speed PIV measurements of the in-cylinder flow and flame front propagation under firing conditions. The intensity of the seeder used was optimized by changing the crank angle. Successful simultaneous detection of the flame front and turbulent flow was demonstrated. Strong turbulence was produced at the flame front simultaneously with the flame movement. After ignition timing, the flame accelerated in the unburned region, and a vital turbulence region occurred.

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“…Usually, the pre-chamber volume is around 2% of the main chamber. Zhu et al [20] comprehensively reviewed the combustion using the pre-chamber as a future low-carbon spark-ignition engine. This study concluded that the piston's movement could mostly control scavenging and filling in the pre-chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation on the behavior of the torch flame in the LBGE combustion process

Abdelhameed¹,

Tashima²

2022

Proceedings of International Exchange and Innovation Conference on Engineering &Amp; Sciences (IEICES)

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Fuel conversion from heavy fuel oil (HFO) to LNG-based fuel, of which the main component is methane, is considered a suitable and practical solution. Most LBGEs adopt the pre-chamber (PC) configuration that can promote premixture combustion in the Main Combustion Chamber (MC) thanks to torch flame ejection from the orifice holes of the PC. However, the PC is sometimes specified as a starting point of the pre-ignition phenomenon that is a significant obstacle for Lean Burn Gas Engines (LBGEs) to improve their thermal efficiency. Too strong ejection may result in a misfire of the premixture MC and a considerable cyclic variation of the MC combustion. In this study, detailed observation of the combustion process was done in LBGE-simulating devices focusing on the ejection behaviors of the torch flame to clarify the source of the abnormal combustion and the cyclic variation of combustion processes.

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A review of the pre-chamber ignition system applied on future low-carbon spark ignition engines

Cited by 84 publications

References 112 publications

Effect of spark timing on the pre-chamber jet ignition in a lean-burn natural gas engine

Effect of spark timing on the pre-chamber jet ignition in a lean-burn natural gas engine

The Interaction between In-Cylinder Turbulent Flow and Flame Front Propagation in an Optical SI Engine Measured by High-Speed PIV

An investigation on the behavior of the torch flame in the LBGE combustion process

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