A review of the physics and ecological implications of the thermal bar circulation

Holland, Paul R.; Kay, Anthony

doi:10.1016/s0075-9511(03)80011-7

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…At these times, colder temperatures would enhance pathogen survival, the water column would be more isothermal to facilitate mixing with bottom waters, and the influence of a thermal bar could confine river plumes to nearshore waters near WTP intakes. The thermal bar occurs each spring (and fall) as nearshore waters warm and a downwelling plume of maximum density water (4°C) is formed that proceeds out into the lake until stable stratification prevails (63,64). The downwelling plume occurs where nearshore and offshore waters on either side of the 4°C isotherm meet, and this thermal bar creates a barrier inhibiting exchange of water between the nearshore and offshore regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Waterborne Pathogens and Escherichia coli at Offshore Drinking Water Intakes in Lake Ontario

Edge

Khan

Bouchard

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The occurrence of waterborne pathogens was investigated at three drinking water intakes located about 2 km offshore in Lake Ontario. Water sampling was conducted over 3 years for Campylobacter spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., cultivable enteric viruses, and water quality parameters. All pathogens were detected in the offshore source water for each water treatment plant (WTP1 to WTP3), although at relatively low frequencies and concentrations. Giardia was the most common pathogen, occurring in 36% of water samples from the influent of WTP1 (n ‫؍‬ 46), and with a maximum concentration of 0.70 cysts/liter in this influent. Cryptosporidium occurred as frequently as 15% in the WTP2 influent (n ‫؍‬ 35), with a maximum concentration of 0.40 oocysts/liter in the WTP1 influent. The human Bacteroidales HF183 DNA marker was most common in the WTP1 influent (19%), and this was the only WTP where the Cryptosporidium hominis genotype was detected. No water quality parameter was predictive of pathogen occurrence across all three WTP influents. Escherichia coli was often below detection when pathogens were detected, and spikes in E. coli concentrations often did not coincide with pathogen occurrence. After summer rain events, river plumes had E. coli concentrations as high as 222 CFU/100 ml in surface waters 2 km offshore, without impacting drinking water intakes below the thermocline on the lake bottom. At times, prechlorination to control mussels at offshore intake cribs compromised the use of E. coli for "raw" water quality assessment, particularly for chlorine-resistant Cryptosporidium. E. coli measured by standard methods did not reliably predict pathogen occurrence at drinking water intakes in offshore ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Waterborne Pathogens and Escherichia coli at Offshore Drinking Water Intakes in Lake Ontario

Edge

Khan

Bouchard

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…However, numerical study of the changes of plankton populations in the vicinity of the thermal bar is seriously limited by a lack of spatially and temporally highresolution field observations [5]. Information obtained by simulations is of substantive importance for the purpose of determining the factors influencing the plankton growth, since plankton are an indicator of water quality and source of food to many fish species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modeling of Plankton Biomass Dynamics During the Spring Thermal Bar in Kamloops Lake

Tsydenov¹

2018

KEG

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“…The thermal bar was firstly described by Forel (1904). A review of a great number of studies of the thermal bar can be found in the works (Imberger & Hamblin, 1982;Tichomirov, 1983;Zilitinkevch et al, 1992;Holland & Kay, 2003). Laboratory studies of the thermal bar were carried out in the works (Chubarenko & Demchenko, 2008;Bukreev & Gavrilov, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Non-monotonic Dependence of the Water Density on Temperature on Convection Induced by Cooling from above

Bukreev¹

2012

AST

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Temperature distributions on the depth typical for deep lakes of middle latitudes were reproduced in the laboratory conditions. In these lakes, a thick bottom layer of water with an invariable temperature exists regardless of season. It is shown that the non-monotonic dependence of the density of water on temperature plays determining role in the existence of such distributions. Flow patterns obtained by visualization and quantitative data on changes of the water temperature in time and space are presented.

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A review of the physics and ecological implications of the thermal bar circulation

Cited by 41 publications

References 48 publications

Occurrence of Waterborne Pathogens and Escherichia coli at Offshore Drinking Water Intakes in Lake Ontario

Occurrence of Waterborne Pathogens and Escherichia coli at Offshore Drinking Water Intakes in Lake Ontario

Mathematical Modeling of Plankton Biomass Dynamics During the Spring Thermal Bar in Kamloops Lake

Effect of the Non-monotonic Dependence of the Water Density on Temperature on Convection Induced by Cooling from above

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