A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of aucubin

Zeng, Xiangchang; Guo, Fei; Ouyang, Dongsheng

doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104443

Cited by 79 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Several lines of evidence suggest that Au has a wide range of pharmacological properties including antioxidation, anti-aging, anti-in ammation, anti-brosis, anti-tumor and hepatoprotection [25]. Recently, its anti-in ammatory and antioxidative functions have become a focus of research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aucubin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2-mediated signaling activity in experimental traumatic brain injury

Wang

Zhou²,

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Aucubin (Au), an iridoid glycoside from natural plants, has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities; however, its effects on a traumatic brain injury (TBI) model remain unknown. We explored the potential role of Au in a H 2 O 2 -induced oxidant damage in primary cortical neurons and weight-drop induced-TBI in a mouse model. Methods: In vitro experiments, the various concentrations of Au (50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml or 200 μg/ml) were added in culture medium at 0h and 6h after neurons stimulated by H 2 O 2 (100μM). After exposed for 12 hours, neurons were collected for western blot (WB), immunofluorescence and M29,79-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. In vivo experiments, Au (20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally at 30 min, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after modeling. Brain water content, neurological deficits and cognitive functions were measured at specific time, respectively. Cortical tissue around focal trauma was collected for WB, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, Nissl staining, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 72 h after TBI. RNA interference experiments were performed to determine the effects of Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) on TBI mice with Au (40 mg/kg) treatment. Mice were intracerebroventricularly administrated with lentivirus at 72 h before TBI establishment. The cortex was obtained at 72 h after TBI and used for WB and q-PCR. Results: Au enhanced the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, activated antioxidant enzymes, suppressed excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced cell apoptosis both in vitro and vivo experiments. In the mice model of TBI, Au markedly attenuated brain edema, histological damages and improved neurological and cognitive deficits. Au significantly suppressed high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)-mediated aseptic inflammation. Nrf2 knockdown in TBI mice blunted the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neuroprotective effects of the Au. Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggest that Au provides a neuroprotective effect in TBI mice model by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses; the mechanisms involve triggering Nrf2-induced antioxidant system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aucubin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2-mediated signaling activity in experimental traumatic brain injury

Wang

Zhou²,

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In addition, an impressive variety of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-algesic, antifibrotic, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective properties, and the promotion of dermal wound healing, have been reported for this compound [ 92 , 93 , 94 ]. Especially potent are the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities determined for aucubin [ 93 ]. Due to these biological properties, aucubin is receiving increasing attention by pharmacologists [ 93 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially potent are the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities determined for aucubin [ 93 ]. Due to these biological properties, aucubin is receiving increasing attention by pharmacologists [ 93 ]. Concerning the biological properties of ajugol ( 42 ), a moderate anti-microbial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Candida spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemistry of Verbascum Species Growing in Iraqi Kurdistan and Bioactive Iridoids from the Flowers of Verbascum calvum

Amin

Hussain

Gilardoni

et al. 2020

Plants

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Traditional medicine is still widely practiced in Iraqi Kurdistan, especially by people living in villages on mountainous regions; medicinal plants are also sold in the markets of the large towns, such as at Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Autonomous Region. About a dozen of Verbascum species (Scrophulariaceae) are commonly employed in the Kurdish traditional medicine, especially for treating burns and other skin diseases. However, the isolation of bioactive secondary metabolites from these plants has not been the subject of intense scientific investigations in Iraq. Therefore, the information reported in the literature about the species growing in Kurdistan has been summarized in the first part of this paper, although investigations have been performed on vegetable samples collected in neighbouring countries, such as Turkey and Iran. In the second part of the work, we have investigated, for the first time, the contents of a methanol and a hydromethanol extract of V. calvum flowers. The extracts exhibited weak antimicrobial activities, whereas the methanol extract showed significant antiproliferative effects against an A549 lung cancer cell line. Moreover, both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging action against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, comparable to that of ascorbic acid. In the subsequent phytochemical study, a high phenolic content was determined in both extracts by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay and medium-pressure liquid chromatographic (MPLC) separation led to the isolation of iridoid glucosides ajugol and aucubin from the methanol extract. In conclusion, the high anti-inflammatory effects of aucubin and the remarkable antioxidant (antiradical) properties of the extracts give scientific support to the traditional use of V. calvum flowers for the preparation in Kurdistan of remedies to cure skin burns and inflammations.

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“…Secondary brain injury occurs hours or days following primary brain injury and involves glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, calcium overload, oxidative stress and cell death [3]. Of these, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction are recognized as the important Several lines of evidence suggest that Au has a wide range of pharmacological properties including antioxidation, anti-aging, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor and hepatoprotection [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aucubin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2-mediated signaling activity in experimental traumatic brain injury

Wang

Zhou²,

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Aucubin (Au) has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities; however, its effects on a traumatic brain injury (TBI) model remain unknown. We explored the potential role of Au in a H 2 O 2 -induced oxidant damage in primary cortical neurons and weight-drop induced-TBI in a mouse model.Methods: Neuronal apoptosis, brain water content, histological damages and neurological deficits and cognitive functions were measured. We performed western blot, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, Nissl staining, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RNA interference experiments were performed to determine the effects of Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) on TBI mice with intraperitoneal injection of Au.Results: We found that Au enhanced the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, activated antioxidant enzymes, suppressed excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced cell apoptosis in vitro and vivo experiments. In the mice model of TBI, Au markedly attenuated brain edema, histological damages and improved neurological and cognitive deficits. Au significantly suppressed high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)-mediated aseptic inflammation. Nrf2 knockdown in TBI mice blunted the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neuroprotective effects of the Au.Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggest that Au provides a neuroprotective effect in TBI mice model by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses; the mechanisms involve triggering Nrf2-induced antioxidant system. pathobiological features of secondary brain damage [4,5]. Excessive production of free radicals leads to lipid peroxidation, protein degradation, and genotoxicity leading to cellular and tissue damage [6].The brain is an organ with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which also makes it vulnerable to free radical attack and lipid peroxidation [7]. In addition, OS damage to mitochondrial function can collapse the cellular bioenergetics leading to cell apoptosis [6]. These OS-induced damaged cells releases damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs; e.g. ATP, RNA, high mobility group box-1) to initiate or exacerbate neuroinflammation, which can also further promote ROS generation [8,9]. Extensive animal data suggest that elevated antioxidant response and reduced inflammation would attenuate brain damage [10][11][12].Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) has considerable neuroprotective effects in central nervous system (CNS) diseases[13-15]. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that takes part in regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress. Under normal physiological conditions, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) combines with Nrf2 and enhances Nrf2 degradation. Once stimulated, Nrf2 translocates into the nucleus and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter of antioxidant genes, thereby inducing the expression of antioxidant and detoxifi...

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A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of aucubin

Cited by 79 publications

References 105 publications

Aucubin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2-mediated signaling activity in experimental traumatic brain injury

Aucubin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2-mediated signaling activity in experimental traumatic brain injury

Phytochemistry of Verbascum Species Growing in Iraqi Kurdistan and Bioactive Iridoids from the Flowers of Verbascum calvum

Aucubin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2-mediated signaling activity in experimental traumatic brain injury

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