A Review of the Paratuberculosis in Iran

Abstract

The available information for decision-making and adoption of appropriate policies to control paratuberculosis in most countries is based on published studies in developed countries. Therefore, the present study is aimed to review the situation of Johne’s disease (JD) in Iran, in a method to provide accurate information to implement effective programs to control the disease. This research is a systematic review based on valid databases inside and outside the country. The search was performed by keywords of Iran JD, cattle, sheep, goats, camels, buffaloes, milk, semen fluid, and a combination of them. Then, all articles that had necessary indexes were chosen. Unfortunately, despite the extended population of ruminants in the country and the higher infection rate of paratuberculosis in Iran in comparison with developed countries, the accepted strategies for the administration of paratuberculosis are voluntary and considered by ranchers. Basic control approaches are management modification, testing, culling, and vaccination, and implementation of these programs can be operative in control of the disease occurrence in Iran. Numerous mistakes in the design of studies limit the quality of evidence concerning the prevalence of paratuberculosis in the region.

Toward paratuberculosis control in animals: current updates and future perspectives

“…Young calves usually attract the disease; however, the clinical signs usually occur in cows older than two years. Exposure of older cows is less likely to result in infection (Khamesipour et al, 2021).…”

“…The intestinal tract wall and its afferent lymphatic vessels and the mesentery are usually thickened. The mesenteric lymph nodes are enlarged and may contain caseous or calcified white nodules (Khamesipour et al, 2021, Tiwari et al, 2006.…”