A Review of the Osteological Characteristics of the Jomon Population in Prehistoric Japan

Yamaguchi, Bin

doi:10.1537/ase1911.90.supplement_77

Cited by 118 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…12 As some morphological characteristics of the Ainu are similar to those of the Neolithic Jomon people of Hokkaido, physical anthropologists have hypothesized that the Ainu are their direct descendants. 13,14 This scenario has also been supported by the distribution of Y chromosome haplogroups among modern populations, in which the major haplogroup in the Ainu was observed only in the Japanese archipelago. 15 On the basis of mtDNA data, multiple origins of the Ainu were suggested with a possible gene flow of haplogroup Y1 from the Nivkhi people in Sakhalin to the Ainu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Allele frequencies of the ABCC11 gene for earwax phenotypes among ancient populations of Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2009

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Human earwax is classified into wet and dry types, which are determined by a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, sub-family C11 (ABCC11) gene locus. To investigate the allele frequencies of the ABCC11 locus within ancient populations on the Northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, amplified product-length polymorphisms were analyzed for 50 specimens of the Okhotsk people and 35 specimens of the Jomon and Epi-Jomon people excavated from various archaeological sites of Hokkaido. Of these specimens, 31 Okhotsk and 19 Jomon/Epi-Jomon samples were genotyped successfully. Frequencies of the wet-type allele in the Jomon/Epi-Jomon people, considered a major ancestor of the Ainu, were higher than those of other Northeastern Asian populations, including the modern Ainu. By contrast, in the Okhotsk people, believed to originate from East Siberia, frequencies of the dry-type allele were relatively higher than those in the Ainu and Jomon/Epi-Jomon people. These results suggest that gene flow from the Northeastern Asian Continent to descendants of the Jomon/Epi-Jomon people of Hokkaido through the Okhotsk people occurred, resulting in the establishment of the Ainu.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Allele frequencies of the ABCC11 gene for earwax phenotypes among ancient populations of Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2009

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“…In contrast, rice-farming people who migrated from the Asian continent, probably via the Korean peninsula, to the Japanese archipelago at the beginning of the Yayoi period had similar features as the Neolithic Chinese. Crania of Jomon people displayed low facial height, square orbit, and small teeth, whereas crania of Yayoi migrants possessed wholly large and flat features with large facial height, round orbits, and large teeth (Suzuki, 1981;Brace and Nagai, 1982;Yamaguchi, 1982;Brown, 1999;Ishida, 1992;Doi, 2003;Hanihara and Ishida, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of facial morphology between Okinawa Islanders and mainland Japanese using three‐dimensional images

Miyazato

Yamaguchi

Fukase

et al. 2014

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: Differences in facial height and breadth between Okinawa Islanders and mainland Japanese have been reported in previous craniometric and somatometric studies. This study using three-dimensional (3D) images aimed to identify more detailed characteristics of facial morphology in each population.Methods: Using a hand-held 3D scanner, we obtained 60 facial surface images each from Okinawa Islanders and mainland Japanese. Twenty-one landmarks were plotted on a computer and 27 measurements of distances and angles between the landmarks were taken. Statistical analyses such as t test, principal component analysis (PCA), regression analysis, and discriminant analysis were performed to identify sex and regional differences, the patterns of facial features, factors explaining the facial patterns, and other features. Results: Okinawa Islanders showed lower facial and nasal heights than mainlandJapanese. Furthermore, we identified larger protrusions of the glabella and nasal root in Okinawa Islanders than in mainland Japanese. In the PCA, we observed components of facial shape patterns. These components mainly represented facial size (PC1), facial depth (PC2), the prominence of the glabella and nasal root (PC3), and facial breadth (PC4). We identified that the population difference is strongly associated with PC3. Conclusions:This study quantitatively identified differences in the facial morphology between Okinawa Islanders and mainland Japanese using 3D digital images, with special emphases on the differences in the nasal height and the prominence of the glabella and nasal root.

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“…Hanihara, 1991). Several researchers have demonstrated that the recent Ainu are closer to the prehistoric Jomon than they are to the Okhotsk people (Yamaguchi, 1982(Yamaguchi, , 1992Ishida, 1988aIshida, , 1996Hanihara, 1998;Ishida and Kondo, 1999). The actual genetic contribution of the Okhotsk people to the formation of modern Japanese is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological affinities between Jomon and Ainu: reassessment based on nonmetric cranial traits

Shigematsu

Ishida

Goto

et al. 2004

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This study reevaluates the relationship between the prehistoric Jomon and modern Ainu based on 18 nonmetric cranial traits. Although the two Ainu series from the northeast coast and central/ southern regions of Hokkaido Island are always associated with Jomon, significant differences between the Ainu and Jomon were detected in the frequencies of seven traits: metopism, supraorbital foramen, ovale-spinosum confluence, hypoglossal canal bridging, jugular foramen bridging, biasterionic suture vestige, and occipitomastoid bone. Regarding these traits, the Ainu series are more similar to the Okhotsk than to the Jomon series.

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A Review of the Osteological Characteristics of the Jomon Population in Prehistoric Japan

Cited by 118 publications

References 9 publications

Allele frequencies of the ABCC11 gene for earwax phenotypes among ancient populations of Hokkaido, Japan

Allele frequencies of the ABCC11 gene for earwax phenotypes among ancient populations of Hokkaido, Japan

Comparative analysis of facial morphology between Okinawa Islanders and mainland Japanese using three‐dimensional images

Morphological affinities between Jomon and Ainu: reassessment based on nonmetric cranial traits

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