A review of the national policies on street children in China

Gao, Yue; Atkinson-Sheppard, Sally; Yu, Yingchao; Xiong, Guibin

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.07.009

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This numerical superiority of male street children is not specific to the city of Bujumbura. This is the same finding observed in studies conducted around the world, including in Douala and throughout the Central African subregion (Pirot, 2004, Gentille, 2005, and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, cited by Dimbu, 2012 b, Yunjiao & Sally, 2018). The low number of female children on the street may be explained by cultural elements that take into account the gender of the child.…”

Section: Gendersupporting

confidence: 83%

Children in Street Situations, Their Determinants, Survival and Strategies. Case of the City of Bujumbura

Ladislas,

Leandre,

Fabienne

2024

ESJ

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The aim of this article is to establish the link between the determinants of street life and the violence experienced by children and their survival in the city of Bujumbura. To gather the experiences of our interviewees, we used a life history with semi-structured interviews, and direct and indirect observation. To identify emerging themes, we carried out a thematic analysis of the interview content. Analysis of the empirical corpus of 43 street children reveals nine determinants at the root of the street child phenomenon, grouped into two categories, namely environmental and personal and interpersonal determinants centered on parent-child relationships. There are also determinants linked to educational styles that interact with the child's behavior. The stepmother is often perceived by children and their in-laws as a "ferocious animal’’, even in the absence of a negative upbringing. When family life fails, the street becomes an alternative. Exposed to all forms of violence, child victims become violent, and the cycle of violence is fueled. Stories of life on the streets show that every child has his/ her problems. Previous results show that the determinants of street life are multifactorial and have causal links that are part of a cyclical context of violence. Our results go further, proving that in addition to environmental determinants, there are also personal and interpersonal ones. Combating this phenomenon requires preventive action at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels: preventing the development of the problem, intervening early and, finally, treating the consequences and reintegrating the children.

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Section: Gendersupporting

confidence: 83%

Children in Street Situations, Their Determinants, Survival and Strategies. Case of the City of Bujumbura

Ladislas,

Leandre,

Fabienne

2024

ESJ

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“…[1,3] The most commonly used term to refer to YEH in academic literature and policymakers in EAP regions (e.g., China and Indonesia) is 'street children', defining those under age 18 years who live or work in public areas with little or no parental supervision. [25,26] 'Runaway youths' is another term used mainly in Korean literature, [27,28] along with 'street sleeping', 'rough sleeping' and 'pavement dwelling' to describe primary homelessness. [29,30] CYP experiencing secondary homelessness, defined by their lack of stable long-term housing, frequent between temporary accommodation such as shelters, orphanages, and refugee camps.…”

Section: Problems Of Defining 'Homelessness'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33] As highlighted by Rosenthal et al(2021), the varying definitions of homelessness can have significant implications for the provision of mental health services depending on how it is recognised within a given jurisdiction, [34] and therefore, could act as a barrier to accessing mental health services. There is a lack of government policies that mention mental health services for this population based on those definitions [25] implying that mental health services are not adequately addressed by the government.…”

Section: Problems Of Defining 'Homelessness'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring mental health services for youth experiencing homelessness in East Asia Pacific regions: A systematic scoping review.

Ermita,

Rosenthal

2024

Preprint

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Background: Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) in East Asia Pacific (EAP) represent one of the most at-risk populations due to cultural and geographical factors. Effective mental health interventions, primarily researched in Western contexts, may not fully apply to YEH in EAP. Their lack of stable shelter, disrupted social networks, and limited access to mental health services elevate their susceptibility to adverse mental health, making urgent interventions essential to address their needs. Objective: To explore and provide systematic evidence on the types of mental health services and interventions for YEH in EAP and their impact on overall quality of life and wellbeing. Methods: Electronic databases(e.g., Medline, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus) were systematically searched(publication dates between 01/01/1990-13/05/2023), as well as additional online resources specific to homelessness. Articles were screened, and a critical appraisal assessed the quality of the included studies. Results: Eight studies with different interventions were identified in Indonesia(n = 2), Malaysia(n = 1), South Korea(n = 3), and The Philippines(n = 1). These were thematically clustered into six categories: art, cognitive behavioural therapy, life skills education, resilience enhancement, family strengthening and government interventions/services. Conclusion: This review highlights effective mental health interventions’ positive impact on YEH mental health outcomes and quality of life in EAP, stressing the urgent need to implement socio-culturally sensitive services. Future research should address knowledge gaps through comprehensive studies covering diverse EAP regions and populations, prioritising socio-culturally specific psychological measures.

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“…Migrant children face a variety of social issues, including access to education, marginalization and repercussions from a lack of, or inadequate parental supervision (Chen et al, 2015). Many 'left-behind' children also become street children during their migration trajectory (Gao et al, 2018), demonstrating the important interplay between migration, vulnerability and the streets.…”

Section: Macro Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Official discourse estimated the number of street children as 150,000 (between 2007 and 2012) which then rose to 184,000 in 2013, and significantly decreased to approximately 50,000 in 2016 (Gao et al 2018). However, scholars question the accuracy of official statistics in China (Xu, 2017) and media reports suggest the prevalence of street children likely to be much higher and closer to 1-1.5 million, although estimates do vary.…”

Section: Macro Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ‘Lens of Labor’: Re-Conceptualizing Young People’s Involvement in Organized Crime

Atkinson-Sheppard

2022

Crit Crim

Self Cite

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Millions of the world’s children engage in labor, often exploitative and essential to their survival. Child labor is closely related to crime; global discourse illustrates how young people are victims of forced and bonded labor and recent studies from the global South demonstrate how young people are hired as the ‘illicit laborers’ of organized crime groups. Despite this, there is a tendency to consider young people, not as laborers but as victims of trafficking or as offenders (often in relation to gangs). To address this lacuna, the article draws on data from 3 studies conducted in the global South to develop a conceptual framework suitable for understanding the intersection between labor and crime. The article develops a metaphorical ‘labor lens’, a lens which centers and prioritizes labor and instrumental drivers for crime, embedded within wider structures of illicit markets, established organized crime, state:crime collaboration and the need for children to work to survive. The article integrates economic drivers for involvement in organized crime with the moral economy, within the context of ecological frameworks of crime, embedded with wider issues of coloniality. In doing so, the article develops a new conceptual framework for considering young people’s involvement in organized crime.

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A review of the national policies on street children in China

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Children in Street Situations, Their Determinants, Survival and Strategies. Case of the City of Bujumbura

Children in Street Situations, Their Determinants, Survival and Strategies. Case of the City of Bujumbura

Exploring mental health services for youth experiencing homelessness in East Asia Pacific regions: A systematic scoping review.

A ‘Lens of Labor’: Re-Conceptualizing Young People’s Involvement in Organized Crime

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