A Review of the Methods for Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins

Wu, Shijia; Duan, Nuo; Gu, Huajie; Hao, Liling; Ye, Hua; Gong, Wenhui; Wang, Zhouping

doi:10.3390/toxins8070176

Cited by 136 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 125 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Different analytical tools have been developed for the detection and quantification of SEs, including immunological and mass spectrometry methods, each of which has its limitations especially on availabilities of specific antibodies, peptides and standards [8,13,30,31]. At this time, commercially available ELISA methods allow routine detection of only five classical SEs, SEA to SEE, in food matrices, with and without identification of the toxin types SEA to SED [6,7,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food-Borne Outbreak Investigation and Molecular Typing: High Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Importance of Toxin Detection

Denayer

Delbrassinne

Nia

et al. 2017

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Staphylococcus aureus is an important aetiological agent of food intoxications in the European Union as it can cause gastro-enteritis through the production of various staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in foods. Reported enterotoxin dose levels causing food-borne illness are scarce and varying. Three food poisoning outbreaks due to enterotoxin-producing S. aureus strains which occurred in 2013 in Belgium are described. The outbreaks occurred in an elderly home, at a barbecue event and in a kindergarten and involved 28, 18, and six cases, respectively. Various food leftovers contained coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS). Low levels of staphylococcal enterotoxins ranging between 0.015 ng/g and 0.019 ng/g for enterotoxin A (SEA), and corresponding to 0.132 ng/g for SEC were quantified in the food leftovers for two of the reported outbreaks. Molecular typing of human and food isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and enterotoxin gene typing, confirmed the link between patients and the suspected foodstuffs. This also demonstrated the high diversity of CPS isolates both in the cases and in healthy persons carrying enterotoxin genes encoding emetic SEs for which no detection methods currently exist. For one outbreak, the investigation pointed out to the food handler who transmitted the outbreak strain to the food. Tools to improve staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) investigations are presented.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food-Borne Outbreak Investigation and Molecular Typing: High Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Importance of Toxin Detection

Denayer

Delbrassinne

Nia

et al. 2017

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) method is widely used to evaluate the molecular model affinities such as: protein-protein and ligand-protein interactions [32]. In this study the binding free energy between S100A8/A9 subunits in presence and absence of AA and OA were analyzed during equilibrium phase by taking snapshots at an interval of 50 ps from 80-100 ns MD simulation using g_mmpbsa, GROMACS software [33].…”

Section: Mmpbsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of unsaturated fatty acids (Arachidonic/Oleic Acids) on stability and structural properties of Calprotectin using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Calprotectin is a heterodimeric protein complex with two subunits called S100A8/A9. The protein has an essential role in inflammation process and various human diseases. It has the ability to bind to unsaturated fatty acids including Arachidonic acid, Oleic acid and etc., which could be considered as a major carrier for fatty acids. In this study we aimed to appraise the thermodynamics and structural changes of Calprotectin in presence of Arachidonic acid/Oleic acid) using docking and molecular dynami simulation method. To create the best conformation of Calprotectin-Oleic acid/Arachidonic acid complexes, the docking process was performed. The complexes with the best binding energy were selected as the models for molecular dynamics simulation process. Furthermore, the structural and thermodynamics properties of the complexes were evaluated too. The Root Mean Square Deviation and Root Mean Square Fluctuation results showed that the binding of Arachidonic acid/ Oleic acid to Calprotectin can cause the protein structural changes which was confirmed by Define Secondary Structure of Proteins results. Accordingly, the binding free energy results verified that binding of Oleic acid to Calprotectin leads to instability of S100A8/A9 subunits in the protein. Moreover, the electrostatic energy contribution of the complexes (Calprotectin-Oleic acid/Arachidonic acid) was remarkably higher than van der Waals energy. Thus, the outcome of this study confirm that Oleic acid has a stronger interaction with Calprotectin in comparison with Arachidonic acid. Our findings indicated that binding of unsaturated fatty acids to Calprotectin leads to structural changes of the S100A8/A9 subunits which could be beneficial to play a biological role in inflammation process.

show abstract

“…S. aureus is a normal flora of human skin and nose horizontally transferred to the garri by processors and vendors. S. aureus is an important and major food-borne pathogen worldwide producing enterotoxins not digested by a protease, can withstand high heat treatments and a major contaminant of foodstuffs (Wu et al, 2016). Besides, toxigenic S. aureus contamination in ready-to-eat foods is the leading cause of food-borne illness in some countries of the world (Oh et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate composition, microbiological safety and heavy metal contaminations of garri sold in Benue, North-Central Nigeria

Ogbonna¹,

Agbowu²,

Agbo³

2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated the proximate composition, microbial safety and heavy metal contaminations of garri: a cassava ready-to-eat food product. Garri is prepared from Manihot esculenta Crantz tubers by peeling, washing and grating of the tubers and fermentation. Production, storage and selling locations could be necessary predictors of the quality and safety of garri. A total of two hundred and sixteen (n=216) samples of garri were purchased at two-weeks intervals starting from September 2014; from two major garri markets in Benue State, North-central Nigeria. The heavy metals assessed were Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Hg using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The moisture, ash contents and titratable acidity were studied alongside some bacterial pathogens that appear frequently in food-borne diseases outbreaks. The moisture, ash contents and titratable acidity were within the permissible limits. The bacteria isolated included Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Shigella spp. whereas the fungi isolated included Mucor, Aspergillus and Fusarium. The mean total coliform count (TCC), yeast and mould count (YMC) and total viable count (TVC) ranged from minimum values of not detectable (ND) to 1.75, 2.11 and 2.60 log CFU/g, respectively. While cadmium and chromium were not detected in any of the garri samples, lead, nickel, and copper were the most abundant. The values obtained from microbiological assessments indicate potential food safety problems. Heavy metal and the measured physicochemical attributes and the ash content were within the permissible limits.

show abstract

A Review of the Methods for Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins

Cited by 136 publications

References 125 publications

Food-Borne Outbreak Investigation and Molecular Typing: High Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Importance of Toxin Detection

Food-Borne Outbreak Investigation and Molecular Typing: High Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Importance of Toxin Detection

Effects of unsaturated fatty acids (Arachidonic/Oleic Acids) on stability and structural properties of Calprotectin using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach

Proximate composition, microbiological safety and heavy metal contaminations of garri sold in Benue, North-Central Nigeria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About