A review of the mechanisms of keratinocytes damage caused by<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>infection in patients with atopic dermatitis

Xiang, Tian; Huang, Qiongxiao; Liang, Jingyao; Zhang, Jing; Yan, Yang; Ye, Qianru; He, Suling; Li, Junlong; Wu, Zhouwei; Liu, Yumei

doi:10.1002/jlb.3mr0921-030rrr

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…TSST-1 can activate CD4 + T cells to produce large amounts of cytokines and lead to a systemic toxic response. In AD, TSST-1 can lead to B lymphocytes and keratinocytes [ 13 , 50 ].…”

Section: Virulence Factors Of S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activated Th1 cells release the cytokine IFN-γ. IFN-γ is a driver of chronic inflammation in the chronic phase of AD, and the overexpression of IFN-γ can lead to recurrent inflammation and pruritus, causing lichenoid degeneration of the skin [ 13 , 164 ]. In contrast, psoriasis is also a chronic disease mediated by Th1 cytokines, and IL-12 mediates the differentiation of Th1 cells [ 165 ].…”

Section: Different Inflammatory Cell Types Involved In S Au...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In AD, PSMα induces the production of ILC3, which is involved in the mediation of skin inflammation [ 5 ]. In patients with AD infection with S. aureus , the expansion of ILC3 is involved in mediating skin inflammation [ 13 ].…”

Section: Different Inflammatory Cell Types Involved In S Au...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. aureus SAgs, including SEA, SEB, SEC, and TSST-1, also directly activate B lymphocytes and induce specific IgE-dependent mast cells and basophil degranulation to release histamine, further exacerbating AD and promoting adaptive cellular and humoral type 2 immunity [ 13 ].…”

Section: Different Inflammatory Cell Types Involved In S Au...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory cells play an important role in S. aureus infection. S. aureus infection and toxins can activate a variety of inflammatory cells, such as keratinocytes [ 5 ], helper T cells [ 6 ], innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) [ 7 ], macrophages [ 8 ], dendritic cells (DCs) [ 9 ], mast cells [ 10 ], neutrophils [ 11 ], eosinophils [ 12 ], and basophils [ 13 ], which release inflammatory factors that accumulate at the site of infection and cause an inflammatory response. During infection, S. aureus can also induce host cell death through programmed forms of cell death, such as pyroptosis [ 14 ], apoptosis [ 15 ], necroptosis [ 16 ], and autophagy [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Inflammatory Diseases

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Staphylococcus aureus is a very common Gram-positive bacterium, and S. aureus infections play an extremely important role in a variety of diseases. This paper describes the types of virulence factors involved, the inflammatory cells activated, the process of host cell death, and the associated diseases caused by S. aureus. S. aureus can secrete a variety of enterotoxins and other toxins to trigger inflammatory responses and activate inflammatory cells, such as keratinocytes, helper T cells, innate lymphoid cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Activated inflammatory cells can express various cytokines and induce an inflammatory response. S. aureus can also induce host cell death through pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, etc. This article discusses S. aureus and MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pulmonary cystic fibrosis, allergic asthma, food poisoning, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, and osteomyelitis. Summarizing the pathogenic mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus provides a basis for the targeted treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection.

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“…TSST-1 can activate CD4 + T cells to produce large amounts of cytokines and lead to a systemic toxic response. In AD, TSST-1 can lead to B lymphocytes and keratinocytes [ 13 , 50 ].…”

Section: Virulence Factors Of S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Inflammatory Cell Types Involved In S Au...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Inflammatory Cell Types Involved In S Au...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Inflammatory Cell Types Involved In S Au...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exploring the Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Inflammatory Diseases

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

Toxins

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In Silico Elucidation of Key Drivers of Staphyloccocus aureus–Staphyloccocus epidermidis–Induced Skin Damage in Atopic Dermatitis Lesions

Lee,

Mannan,

Miyano

et al. 2024

JID Innovations

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Cytokines and chemokines skin gene expression in correlation with immune cells in blood and severity in equine insect bite hypersensitivity

Jebbawi,

Chemnitzer,

Dietrich

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundInsect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the most frequent skin allergy of horses and is highly debilitating, especially in the chronic phase. IBH is caused by IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to culicoides midge bites and an imbalanced immune response that reduces the welfare of affected horses.ObjectiveIn the present study, we investigated the pathological mechanisms of IBH, aiming to understand the immune cell modulation in acute allergic skin lesions of IBH horses with the goal of finding possible biomarkers for a diagnostic approach to monitor treatment success.MethodsBy qPCR, we quantified the gene expression of cytokines, chemokines, and immune receptors in skin punch biopsies of IBH with different severity levels and healthy horses simultaneously in tandem with the analysis of immune cell counts in the blood.ResultsOur data show an increase in blood eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils with a concomitant, significant increase in associated cytokine, chemokine, and immune cell receptor mRNA expression levels in the lesional skin of IBH horses. Moreover, IL-5Ra, CCR5, IFN-γ, and IL-31Ra were strongly associated with IBH severity, while IL-31 and IL-33 were rather associated with a milder form of IBH. In addition, our data show a strong correlation of basophil cell count in blood with IL-31Ra, IL-5, IL-5Ra, IFN-γ, HRH2, HRH4, CCR3, CCR5, IL-12b, IL-10, IL-1β, and CCL26 mRNA expression in skin punch biopsies of IBH horses.ConclusionIn summary, several cytokines and chemokines have been found to be associated with disease severity, hence contributing to IBH pathology. These molecules can be used as potential biomarkers to monitor the onset and progression of the disease or even to evaluate and monitor the efficacy of new therapeutic treatments for IBH skin allergy. To our knowledge, this is the first study that investigated immune cells together with a large set of genes related to their biological function, including correlation to disease severity, in a large cohort of healthy and IBH horses.

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A review of the mechanisms of keratinocytes damage caused byStaphylococcus aureusinfection in patients with atopic dermatitis

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

Exploring the Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Inflammatory Diseases

Exploring the Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Inflammatory Diseases

In Silico Elucidation of Key Drivers of Staphyloccocus aureus–Staphyloccocus epidermidis–Induced Skin Damage in Atopic Dermatitis Lesions

Cytokines and chemokines skin gene expression in correlation with immune cells in blood and severity in equine insect bite hypersensitivity

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