A Review of the Iron–Air Secondary Battery for Energy Storage

McKerracher, R. D.; León, Carlos Ponce de; Wills, Richard; Shah, Akeel A.; Walsh, Frank C.

doi:10.1002/cplu.201402238

Cited by 207 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…% Pd on carbon (0.5. mg cm O2 flow into the back of the electrodes, compared with data from gas diffusion electrodes in the literature catalysed by Ag nanoparticles (NP) [36] LaMnO3 [35] LaMnO3 (2) [34] LCCO perovskite [33], Pt/C JM (JM = Johnson Matthey) [32] Pt/C (Gaskatel GmbH) [9]. Charge discharge profiles of the Ni/Fe + Pd catalysed gas diffusion air electrodes at a current density of 300 -2000 mA cm -2 current density in 6 mol dm -3 KOH, with 100 ml min -1 O2 flow into the back of the electrodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cyclic voltammetry was compared to voltammograms recorded in other publications in similar conditions for other gas diffusion air electrodes [32,33,34,35,36]. Figure 6 shows the data for two scans of the Ni/Fe + Pd air electrode, from the equilibrium potential (where j = 0) of +0.33 V vs. Hg/HgO, in the negative potential direction (ORR) and the positive direction (OER), compared with data from the literature.…”

Section: Electrochemical Analysis Of the Mixed Catalyst Oxygen Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the OER, the Ni/Fe + Pd air electrode outperforms all the other air electrodes in terms of current density. For the ORR, it appears that some of the Pt/C electrodes and perovskite electrodes reported in the literature generate a higher current density and have lower ORR onset overpotentials than the Ni/Fe+Pd air electrode, [32,33] but these electrodes did not show such good OER current densities or onset potentials. On balance, the Ni/Fe + Pd air electrode shows the strongest bifunctional oxygen performance.…”

Section: Electrochemical Analysis Of the Mixed Catalyst Oxygen Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A high-performance, bifunctional oxygen electrode catalysed with palladium and nickel-iron hexacyanoferrate

McKerracher

Figueredo-Rodríguez

León

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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The development of air-breathing cathodes, which utilise atmospheric oxygen, enables the construction of lightweight, high energy density metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Air electrodes can be very lightweight and thin because the active material, oxygen, does not need to be stored inside the cell. However, air electrodes are restricted by poor reaction kinetics and low activity of many catalysts towards the oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. In addition, it is a challenge to maintain chemical and mechanical stability of the catalyst and supporting materials at oxidising currents under the strong alkaline conditions commonly used, and gas evolution. This paper reports a novel bifunctional oxygen electrode with remarkable stability, able to perform at current densities up to 1,000 mA cm -2 and withstand 3,000 cycles continuously. The electrode is catalysed by a mixture of Pd/C and mixed nickel-iron hexocyanoferrate, which have high activities towards the ORR and OER reactions, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Analysis Of the Mixed Catalyst Oxygen Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Analysis Of the Mixed Catalyst Oxygen Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

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A high-performance, bifunctional oxygen electrode catalysed with palladium and nickel-iron hexacyanoferrate

McKerracher

Figueredo-Rodríguez

León

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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“…In recent years, many combinations of RFBs have been proposed, including all-Cu [5,6,7], Zn/Ce [8,9,10], Fe/air [11], Zn/polyiodide [12], Fe/Br [13], Li/Br [14], Fe/V [15], World Journal of Chemical Education 9 metal-free organic-inorganic RFB [16], H 2 /V [17] and different organic redox couples such as polythiophene [18], quinone / hydroquinone [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Different Electrodes and Membranes

Habekost¹

2018

WJCE

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There is strong interest in developing batteries to complement lithium ion and fuel cell batteries.Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) seem to be suitable as large-scale energy storage systems. In these systems, vanadium species act as both electrolyte and active material. Since 1980, the pioneer of VRFB, Maria SkyllosKazacos from the University of New South Wales in Australia, has published a vast number of papers about electrode materials, membranes and combinations of vanadium and other redox active species. In chemistry didactics, these investigations pose a significant challenge: it is hard to transform these innovative developments into sound and easy to create experiments. Three experiments are presented here to introduce students to the capabilities of VRFBs with different electrodes and membranes for battery development.

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“…7,8 Rechargeable iron-based alkaline batteries such as nickel-iron and iron-air have unique advantages that make them particularly attractive for meeting the emerging demands of grid-scale electrical energy storage systems. 6,[9][10][11][12] Iron, the primary raw material for these battery systems, is globally abundant, relatively inexpensive, eco-friendly and is recycled readily. Thus, iron is particularly attractive as a raw material for batteries required at such a large scale.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Performance Sintered Iron Electrode for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries to Enable Large-Scale Energy Storage

Yang

Manohar

Narayanan

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Iron-based alkaline rechargeable batteries such as iron-air and nickel-iron batteries are particularly attractive for large-scale energy storage because these batteries can be relatively inexpensive, environment-friendly, and also safe. Therefore, our study has focused on achieving the essential electrical performance and cycling properties needed for the widespread use of iron-based alkaline batteries in stationary and distributed energy storage applications. We have demonstrated for the first time, an advanced sintered iron electrode capable of 3500 cycles of repeated charge and discharge at the 1-hour rate and 100% depth of discharge in each cycle, and an average Coulombic efficiency of over 97%. Such a robust and efficient rechargeable iron electrode is also capable of continuous discharge at rates as high as 3C with no noticeable loss in utilization. We have shown that the porosity, pore size and thickness of the sintered electrode can be selected rationally to optimize specific capacity, rate capability and robustness. These advances in the electrical performance and durability of the iron electrode enables iron-based alkaline batteries to be a viable technology solution for meeting the dire need for large-scale electrical energy storage. Electrical energy storage systems will enable the seamless integration of the electricity generated from wind turbines and solar photovoltaics into the electricity grid. Rechargeable batteries are particularly good candidates for such large-scale energy storage because of their high round-trip efficiency, inherent scalability, and flexibility for being located almost anywhere.1-6 Batteries such as vanadiumredox, lead-acid and lithium-ion are under consideration for this application because of their commercial availability. Yet, the widespread deployment of these battery systems is limited by their materials cost, lifetime, safety concerns, and the high cost of delivered energy. 7,8Rechargeable iron-based alkaline batteries such as nickel-iron and iron-air have unique advantages that make them particularly attractive for meeting the emerging demands of grid-scale electrical energy storage systems.6,9-12 Iron, the primary raw material for these battery systems, is globally abundant, relatively inexpensive, eco-friendly and is recycled readily. Thus, iron is particularly attractive as a raw material for batteries required at such a large scale.6 Iron-based batteries such as the nickel-iron battery are historically well known for their extraordinary robustness to thousands of cycles of charge and discharge, and tolerance to overcharge and over-discharge. [13][14][15][16] Such robustness is generally uncommon among rechargeable batteries; other types of batteries in use today degrade in about 1000 cycles.17 For example, lead-acid batteries typically offer 500-800 cycles, and lithium-ion batteries usually last no more than 1000 cycles especially when subjected to deep discharge.18 Despite these striking attributes of iron-based batteries, the large-scale use of these batteries ...

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A Review of the Iron–Air Secondary Battery for Energy Storage

Cited by 207 publications

References 65 publications

A high-performance, bifunctional oxygen electrode catalysed with palladium and nickel-iron hexacyanoferrate

A high-performance, bifunctional oxygen electrode catalysed with palladium and nickel-iron hexacyanoferrate

Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Different Electrodes and Membranes

A High-Performance Sintered Iron Electrode for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries to Enable Large-Scale Energy Storage

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