A Review of the Insect Enemies of Acridoidea (Orthoptera)

Greathead, D. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1963.tb01073.x

Cited by 103 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Predator type and threat levels also presumably influence locust defence choice (Schmitz, 2005). A great many predators attack locusts (Culmsee, 2002;Gillet et al, 1979;Greathead, 1963Greathead, , 1966Scott et al, 2005;Stower & Greathead, 1969). These diverse predators vary greatly in size, employ different hunting and capture techniques, hunt at different times of day and, hence, require different defence tactics and strategies from locusts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locusts are attacked by a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate predators of radically different body sizes and hunting behaviours (Culmsee, 2002;Gillet, Hogarth, & Jane Noble, 1979;Greathead, 1963Greathead, , 1966Scott, Waite, Maddox, Freer, & Dunstone, 2005;Stower & Greathead, 1969). In response to predation, locusts have evolved numerous primary (present before predator attack) and secondary (performed after predator approaches/attacks) defences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defence tactics cycle with diel microhabitat choice and body temperature in the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria

et al. 2019

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We examined environmental factors influencing plasticity in antipredator defences of adult gregarious desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria, including daily cycles in temperature, light, microhabitat occupied and predator threat. In the Sahara Desert in Mauritania, West Africa, daily temperature fluctuated widely from below locusts’ cold thermal limits for jump‐ and flight‐defence, to above their preferred body temperature. Locusts changed microhabitats throughout the 24‐hr period in synchrony with the daily thermo‐photocycle. They roosted in tall trees and large bushes at night, moved to the ground in the morning, shaded under or in small bushes and annuals at midday, moved back to the ground in the afternoon and then returned to night roosting sites around dusk. Locust antipredator defences varied throughout the 24‐hr period, and these changes were correlated with temperature, photocycle and habitat. Flight escape was associated with daytime, high temperatures and the ground habitat. Dropping escape (= releasing hold of vegetation and dropping to the ground or into vegetation) was associated with cool temperatures and low‐to‐medium sized bushes. Stationary behaviour was associated with the tree microhabitat and height off the ground. Roosting (a primary defence) was associated with cool temperatures at night and early morning, tree habitats and nocturnal ground‐foraging times of endothermic mammals. In summary, we propose that temperature is the key factor in determining both changing microhabitat choice and changing antipredator defence, due to thermal constraints on locust muscle for this ectothermic insect. The thermocycle also influences temporal predator loads, which influence the evolution of locust diel defence strategies. These various environmental factors not only influence one another, they also interact to influence antipredator defence expression in locusts. Overall, our study suggests that plasticity in locust antipredator defences is a complicated matter mediated by the interactions of multiple environmental factors and physiological and ecological constraints and trade‐offs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defence tactics cycle with diel microhabitat choice and body temperature in the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria

et al. 2019

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“…Although many hundreds of egg pods of the locust from El Rag0 and neighbouring sites were examined in the year of capture, the only Bombyliid found as a predator was Systoechus Somali Oldroyd. Thus there is no evidence that C.distincta is a predator of eggs of this locust as are C.desertorum Loew and C. fascipennis Macquart, which also prey on other Acridids (references in Greathead, 1963).…”

Section: Femalementioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of Callostoma Macquart from the Ethiopian Region and a re‐examination of the systematic position of the genus Oniromyia Bezzi (Diptera: Bombyliidae)

Greathead¹

1972

Journal of Entomology Series B, Taxonomy

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“…Species of the genus Spogostylum are ectoparasitoids of solitary bees and wasps (order: Hymenoptera), Meloidae (order: Coleoptera), and immature stages of Pyralidae (order: Lepidoptera). Some species were also recorded as predators of egg pods of Acrididae (order: Orthoptera) (Greathead 1963 andYeates andGreathead 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species and an updated checklist of the genus Spogostylum Macquart (Bombyliidae: Diptera) from Egypt

El-Hawagry

2018

Egypt J Biol Pest Control

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Species of the genus Spogostylum are ectoparasitoids of solitary bees and wasps (order: Hymenoptera), Meloidae (order: Coleoptera), and immature stages of Pyralidae (order: Lepidoptera). Some species were also recorded as predators of egg pods of Acrididae (order: Orthoptera). Spogostylum niphasoides sp. nov. was collected from South Sinai, Egypt. It is described in the present study where it differs from closely related species in having all hairs and bristles mostly white, except some few hairs on outer side of pedicel, short spines on legs, and short hairs on costal margin of wing which are black. Also, antennae and legs mostly yellowish-brown, tibial spines short, about half the tibial width, and the male genitalia are obviously distinctive, having the aedeagal sheath with a broad and complicated tip, enclosing the aedeagal tip. An updated checklist of the Egyptian Spogostylum spp. is provided.

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A Review of the Insect Enemies of Acridoidea (Orthoptera)

Cited by 103 publications

References 58 publications

Defence tactics cycle with diel microhabitat choice and body temperature in the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria

Defence tactics cycle with diel microhabitat choice and body temperature in the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria

A new species of Callostoma Macquart from the Ethiopian Region and a re‐examination of the systematic position of the genus Oniromyia Bezzi (Diptera: Bombyliidae)

A new species and an updated checklist of the genus Spogostylum Macquart (Bombyliidae: Diptera) from Egypt

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