A Review of the Immunological Mechanisms Following Mucosal Vaccination of Finfish

Munang’andu, Hetron Mweemba; Mutoloki, Stephen; Evensen, Øystein

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00427

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…They observed that molecular markers linked to nutrient digestion and absorption were high in the anterior (AI) and middle intestine (MI) while the posterior intestine (PI) predominantly expressed genes linked to immune defence mechanisms. These observations are in line with other scientists who showed that the AI and MI are mainly responsible for nutrient digestion and absorption [104,105] while the PI is responsible for induction of innate immune responses linked to activation of adaptive immunity in teleosts ish [106][107][108][109].…”

Section: Nutrigenomics In Aquaculturesupporting

confidence: 92%

Current Advances in Functional Genomics in Aquaculture

Munang’andu¹,

Evensen²

2017

Applications of RNA-Seq and Omics Strategies - From Microorganisms to Human Health

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Gene expression studies in aquaculture have slowly evolved from the traditional reductionist approach of single gene sequencing to high throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques able to sequence entire genomes of living organisms. The upcoming of HTS techniques has led to emergence of metagenomics, nutrigenomics, epigenetics and other omics technologies in aquaculture in the last decade. Metagenomics analyses have accelerated the speed at which emerging pathogens are being discovered, thereby contributing to the design of timely disease control strategies in aquaculture. Using metagenomics, it is easy to identify and monitor microbial communities found in diferent ecosystems. In vaccine production, genomic studies are being used to identify cross neutralizing antigens against variant strains of the same pathogens. In genetics and epigenetics, genomics traits have been identiied that are beginning to gain commercial applications in aquaculture. Nutrigenomics have not only enhanced our understanding of the biological markers for nutrition-related diseases, but they have also enhanced our ability to formulate diets able to maintain a stable immune homeostasis in the gut. Overall, herein, we have shown that functional genomics provide multifaceted applications ranging from monitoring microbial communities in aquatic environments to optimizing production systems in aquaculture.

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Section: Nutrigenomics In Aquaculturesupporting

confidence: 92%

Current Advances in Functional Genomics in Aquaculture

Munang’andu¹,

Evensen²

2017

Applications of RNA-Seq and Omics Strategies - From Microorganisms to Human Health

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“…Table 1, Table 2 and Table 4 show that intraperitoneal injectable vaccines account for the largest proportion of vaccines developed against S. agalactiae in tilapia and the general observation is that injectable vaccines produce higher protection than mucosal vaccines [37,38]. The advantage of using injectable vaccines is that it is easy to optimize the antigen dose that corresponds with protection, thereby making it is easy to correlate the antigen dose with vaccine protection [39].…”

Section: Vaccine Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Vaccination Strategies and Antigen Delivery Systems for Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccines in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2016

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Streptococcus agalactiae is an emerging infectious disease adversely affecting Nile tilapia (Niloticus oreochromis) production in aquaculture. Research carried out in the last decade has focused on developing protective vaccines using different strategies, although no review has been carried out to evaluate the efficacy of these strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide a synopsis of vaccination strategies and antigen delivery systems currently used for S. agalactiae vaccines in tilapia. Furthermore, as shown herein, current vaccine designs include the use of replicative antigen delivery systems, such as attenuated virulent strains, heterologous vectors and DNA vaccines, while non-replicative vaccines include the inactivated whole cell (IWC) and subunit vaccines encoding different S. agalactiae immunogenic proteins. Intraperitoneal vaccination is the most widely used immunization strategy, although immersion, spray and oral vaccines have also been tried with variable success. Vaccine efficacy is mostly evaluated by use of the intraperitoneal challenge model aimed at evaluating the relative percent survival (RPS) of vaccinated fish. The major limitation with this approach is that it lacks the ability to elucidate the mechanism of vaccine protection at portals of bacterial entry in mucosal organs and prevention of pathology in target organs. Despite this, indications are that the correlates of vaccine protection can be established based on antibody responses and antigen dose, although these parameters require optimization before they can become an integral part of routine vaccine production. Nevertheless, this review shows that different approaches can be used to produce protective vaccines against S. agalactiae in tilapia although there is a need to optimize the measures of vaccine efficacy.

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“…Despite that, immersion bath stimulates immune response, mainly in mucosal tissues such as skin [37]. The intraperitoneal injection of TT-P0 plus immersion bath with inclusion bodies received by group 3 was ineffective in terms of vaccine efficacy, although some immune parameters were improved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a candidate vaccine on the dynamics of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation and immune response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

Swain

Carpio

Johansen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Title): Effectiveness of fusion peptide-based vaccine TT-P0 on the dynamics of salmon lice 2 (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) 3 4 (Short title): TT-P0 vaccine and salmon lice infection 5 6 (Authors): Abstract 24 Infection with parasitic copepod salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis, represents one of the most 25 important limitations to sustainable Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farming today in the North 26 Atlantic region. The parasite exerts negative impact on health, growth and welfare of farmed fish as 27 well as impact on wild salmonid populations. It is therefore central to ensure continuous low level 28 of salmon lice with the least possible handling of the salmon and drug use. This necessitates 29 development of an alternative preventive strategy that can document both effect on lice and that 30 fish welfare is maintained in a satisfactory manner with high economic impact. To address this, 31 vaccination is a cost-effective and environmentally free control approach avoiding the 32 disadvantages of chemical and mechanical treatments. In this study, efficacy of a vaccine candidate 33 (TT-P0), encompassing a peptide derived from ribosomal protein P0 and promiscuous T cell epitopes 34 from tetanus toxin and measles virus, was validated post infestation with L. salmonis, at the lab-35 scale. The sampling results showed good potential of the TT-P0 vaccine in limiting the ectoparasite 36 load, when administered intraperitoneal in the host, by affecting the total adult lice female counts 37 and fecundity, with greater presumptive effect in F1 lice generation. This consequently speculate 38 vaccine's potential to reduce the amount and frequency of chemical drug, mechanical treatment 39 and handling stress, currently used in salmon farming practices, thus improving the fish welfare, 40 environment and economy. On the other hand, the vaccine showed minimal secondary effects and 41 differential modulation of pro-inflammatory, Th1, Th2 and T regulatory mediators at the transcript 42 level with respect to different lice stages in the vaccinated groups as compared to control. Overall, 43 the results indicated potential effectiveness of TT-P0 antigen as a good and safe vaccine candidate 44 against salmon lice. This is a very important preliminary documentation of the TT-P0 vaccine, as a 45 preventive measure, for sustainable and profitable growth of the salmon industry. However, further 46 validation is necessary under field conditions. 3 47 Author summary 48Reducing the impact of salmon lice is a major concern for salmon producers around the globe. These 49 parasitic copepods feed on host mucus, skin and blood, causing a negative impact due to reduction 50 in host immune competence and making them more susceptible to other infections or by 51 transmitting pathogens to the host. Farmed salmon populations are the main reservoirs and 52 increasing numbers of salmon lice in the farms, negatively impacts' wild salmon populations. The 53 available control methods rely mainly on pestici...

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A Review of the Immunological Mechanisms Following Mucosal Vaccination of Finfish

Cited by 48 publications

References 132 publications

Current Advances in Functional Genomics in Aquaculture

Current Advances in Functional Genomics in Aquaculture

An Overview of Vaccination Strategies and Antigen Delivery Systems for Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccines in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Impact of a candidate vaccine on the dynamics of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation and immune response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

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