A review of the immune molecules in the sea cucumber

Xue, Zhuang; Li, Hui; Wang, Xiuli; Li, Xia; Liu, Yang; Sun, Jing; Liu, Cenjie

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.026

Cited by 70 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The innate immunity of sea cucumber includes multiple immunerelated factors, such as, antimicrobial peptides (e.g. lectins, lysozyme, clotting protein and complement) [4,5], antimicrobial reactive oxygen species [6], pattern recognition receptors, apoptosis [7,8] and immune cytokines [9]. Sea cucumber has a cavity between its digestive tract and body wall that is filled with coelomic fluid and suspended coelomocytes that are similar to the hematocyts of vertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sea cucumber, the cellular immunity is executed by coelomocytes, and the humoral immunity is based on a variety of macromolecules in the coelomic cavity that secreted by coelomocytes [10][11][12]. When sea cucumbers are infected by pathogenic microbes, they rely on their cellular and humoral immune responses to identify and eliminate the invading microbes and repair the wounds [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptomic analysis of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) coelomocytes revealed the echinoderm cytokine response during immune challenge

Chen

Huo

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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Background: The sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota belongs to echinoderm, which is evolutionally the most primitive group of deuterostomes. Sea cucumber has a cavity between its digestive tract and the body wall that is filled with fluid and suspended coelomic cells similar to blood cells. The humoral immune response of the sea cucumber is based on the secretion of various immune factors from coelomocytes into the coelomic cavity. The aim of this study is to lay out a foundation for the immune mechanisms in echinoderms and their origins in chordates by using RNA-seq. Results: Sea cucumber primary coelomocytes were isolated from healthy H. leucospilota and incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 μg/ml), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly (I:C), 10 μg/ml] and heat-inactived Vibrio harveyi (10 7 cell/ml) for 24 h, respectively. After high-throughput mRNA sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq2500, a de novo transcriptome was assembled and the Unigenes were annotated. Thirteen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected randomly from our data and subsequently verified by using RT-qPCR. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with those of the RNA-seq (R 2 = 0.61). The top 10 significantly enriched signaling pathways and immune-related pathways of the common and unique DEGs were screened from the transcriptome data. Twentyone cytokine candidate DEGs were identified, which belong to 4 cytokine families, namely, BCL/CLL, EPRF1, IL-17 and TSP/TPO. Gene expression in response to LPS dose-increased treatment (0, 10, 20 and 50 μg/ml) showed that IL-17 family cytokines were significantly upregulated after 10 μg/ml LPS challenge for 24 h.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) coelomocytes revealed the echinoderm cytokine response during immune challenge

Chen

Huo

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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“…, C3, AMP (Antimicrobial Peptides), Toll like receptors, lectins, PO, lysozyme (Jiang et al, 2014;Xue et al, 2015).…”

Section: 면역 활성 분석mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lysozyme , (Saurabh and Sahoo, 2008;Nayak, 2010). lysozyme , lysozyme (Rairakhwada et al, 2007;Dahech et al, 2011;Xue et al, 2015). ID 12 lysozyme .…”

Section: 면역 활성 분석mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Physiological Effects of Immunity Feed Additives on the Juvenile Red Sea Cucumber Stichopus japonicus

Namgung¹,

Ahn²,

Yeo³

2015

Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

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The juvenile red variant of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus is distributed worldwide. It is a valuable food source in Korea, China, and Japan. Major issues in farming the juvenile red variant sea cucumber include growth rates and disease resistance. In recent years, studies have focused on feed additives to enhance immune system and health. In this study, we used a common diet (CD), a nutritional diet (ND; mixed nutritional supplements), and an immunity diet (ID; mixed probiotics, spirulina, and levan) and compared the growth rates and immunity of juvenile red variant sea cucumbers fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks. The growth and survival rates in the ID group were significantly increased (P>0.05). This suggests that the feed additives positively influenced immunity and growth in the ID group. However, the immune activity was exhibit a stabilizing effect, and further investigation of immune effects is required.

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“…One preventative measure against skin ulcerations is to administer probiotics or prebiotics (Zhang et al 2010;Ma et al 2013;Sun et al 2012;Yang et al 2014Yang et al , 2015. However, these lesions continue to occur despite efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its immune system (Xue et al 2015). Therefore, an efficient approach in identifying the pathogens that cause skin ulcerations during the cultivation of A. japonicus is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of bacterial communities in skin ulceration in cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

Yang

Liang

2018

Int Aquat Res

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To determine changes in bacterial composition in skin ulcerations in farmed sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing of different skin samples of A. japonicus was performed on a Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RS platform. The fact that one of them varies in bacterial diversity than the other two may suggest different stage of skin ulceration, but the answer is inconclusive due to inefficiency in size of sampling pool. After comparing them with three skin samples from three healthy sea cucumbers, respectively, the majority of the results were distinguishable at the species level. The bacterial composition, which increased in diversity during the possible early stage of skin ulceration, exhibited a decrease in diversity at possible advanced stages, except for the predominant Saccharicrinis carchari (846.85 ± 5.75%). This work may have the first clue implicating Ornithinibacillus contaminans as a potential causative pathogen of skin ulcerations in A. japonicus.

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A review of the immune molecules in the sea cucumber

Cited by 70 publications

References 110 publications

Transcriptomic analysis of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) coelomocytes revealed the echinoderm cytokine response during immune challenge

Transcriptomic analysis of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) coelomocytes revealed the echinoderm cytokine response during immune challenge

Growth and Physiological Effects of Immunity Feed Additives on the Juvenile Red Sea Cucumber Stichopus japonicus

Assessment of bacterial communities in skin ulceration in cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

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