A review of the hexapod tracheal system with a focus on the apterygote groups

Dittrich, Kathleen L.; Wipfler‍, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2021.101072

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…However, tracheae for most segments, particularly in the abdomen, remain restricted to their individual segment, placing Trigoniophthalmus among the simplest tracheal body plans in this study and unique in its lack of longitudinal connections. This corroborates observations made by Palmén (1877) and reviewed by Dittrich and Wipfler (2021).…”

Section: Availability Of Digital Datasupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As noted, this approach has hindered a broad comparative approach. A recent review of apterygote hexapod tracheal systems by Dittrich and Wipfler (2021), for example, relies almost exclusively on methods hundreds of years old. These techniques would soon be augmented, or even replaced, by a superior method-micro-CT scanning.…”

Section: Insect Respiration -A Shift In Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most insects have more than one longitudinal trunk, with odonates appearing to have the highest number (four trunks). Among other hexapods, longitudinal connections have been documented in Protura and Diplura (Dittrich and Wipfler, 2021); Collembola are thought to have cuticular respiration, although a tracheal system (apparently without longitudinal connections) has been found in several families includ-ing Sminthuridae (Davies, 1927;Dittrich and Wipfler, 2021).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Anatomy of the Insect Tracheal System Part 1: Introduction, Apterygotes, Paleoptera, Polyneoptera

Herhold

Davis

DeGrey

et al. 2023

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History

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A broad comparative study of insect respiratory morphology is presented. Tracheae, epidermal invaginations extending into the body in branching networks of tubes, supply tissues with direct access to air for gas exchange. While previous tracheal studies focused on a handful of taxa and lacked in consistency, here a unified system of tracheal nomenclature is established using visualizations from micro-CT scanning of representatives from apterygotes, Paleoptera, and Polyneoptera, totaling 29 species, 29 genera, and 26 families in 13 insect orders. Three-dimensional visualizations of named tracheal branches establish robust assessments of homology and provide a framework for further studies across class Insecta. Patterns in respiratory architecture are presented along with a discussion of future investigations into phylogenetic and physiological questions.

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Section: Availability Of Digital Datasupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Insect Respiration -A Shift In Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phylogenetic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Anatomy of the Insect Tracheal System Part 1: Introduction, Apterygotes, Paleoptera, Polyneoptera

Herhold

Davis

DeGrey

et al. 2023

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History

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“…Flight with its massive musculature is also extremely demanding in terms of oxygen and thus energy supply. Insects respire with tracheae, pipe-like structures that form a complex three-dimensional system throughout the entire animal ( Dittrich & Wipfler, 2021 ). They are connected to the outside via spiracles, slit-like openings in the lateral body wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postembryonic development of the tracheal system of beetles in the context of aptery and adaptations towards an arid environment

Raś

Wipfler‍

Dannenfeld

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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The tracheal system comprises one of the major adaptations of insects towards a terrestrial lifestyle. Many aspects such as the modifications towards wing reduction or a life in an arid climate are still poorly understood. To address these issues, we performed the first three-dimensional morphometric analyses of the tracheal system of a wingless insect, the desert beetle Gonopus tibialis and compared it with a flying beetle (Tenebrio molitor). Our results clearly show that the reduction of the flight apparatus has severe consequences for the tracheal system. This includes the reduction of the tracheal density, the relative volume of the trachea, the volume of the respective spiracles and the complete loss of individual tracheae. At the same time, the reduction of wings in the desert beetle allows modifications of the tracheal system that would be impossible in an animal with a functional flight apparatus such as the formation of a subelytral cavity as a part of the tracheal system, the strong elongation of the digestive tract including its tracheal system or the respiration through a single spiracle. Finally, we addressed when these modifications of the tracheal system take place during the development of the studied beetles. We can clearly show that they develop during pupation while the larvae of both species are almost identical in their tracheal system and body shape.

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“…Flight with its massive musculature is also extremely demanding in terms of oxygen and thus energy supply. Insects respire with tracheae, pipe-like structures that form a complex 3-dimensional system throughout the entire animal (Dittrich & Wipfler, 2021). They are connected to the outside via spiracles, slit-like openings in the lateral body wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Postembryonic development of the tracheal system of beetles in the context of aptery and adaptations towards an arid environment (v0.2)"

Franch-Marro

2022

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A review of the hexapod tracheal system with a focus on the apterygote groups

Cited by 9 publications

References 95 publications

Comparative Anatomy of the Insect Tracheal System Part 1: Introduction, Apterygotes, Paleoptera, Polyneoptera

Comparative Anatomy of the Insect Tracheal System Part 1: Introduction, Apterygotes, Paleoptera, Polyneoptera

Postembryonic development of the tracheal system of beetles in the context of aptery and adaptations towards an arid environment

Peer Review #1 of "Postembryonic development of the tracheal system of beetles in the context of aptery and adaptations towards an arid environment (v0.2)"

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