A review of the H-reflex and M-wave in the human triceps surae

Tucker, Kylie; Tuncer, Meltem; Türker, Kemal S.

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2005.09.010

Cited by 100 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Although numerous studies have focused on the triceps surae muscles 24 , percutaneous nerve stimulation can be applied in other lower limb (e.g. tibialis anterior 43,44 , quadriceps muscles 45,46 ) and upper limb muscles (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuously record triceps surae EMG activity. Recording soleus and gastrocnemii muscles allows the analysis of the behavior of different muscle typologies for a single stimulation site 24 . 3.…”

Section: Testing Procedures During Voluntary Contractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, nerve accessibility makes the technique difficult in some muscles groups. The plantar flexor muscles, especially triceps surae (soleus and gastrocnemii) muscles, are frequently investigated in the literature 24 . Indeed, these muscles are involved in locomotion, justifying their particular interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distance between stimulation site and recording electrodes allows the identification of the different evoked waves of the triceps surae muscles. The superficial part of the posterior tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa and the large number of spindles make it easier to record reflex responses compared to other muscles 24 . For these reasons, the currently presented reflex methodology focuses on the triceps surae group of muscles (soleus and gastrocnemius).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Rozand¹,

Grosprêtre²,

Stapley³

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method commonly used to evaluate neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, spinal and peripheral levels). The present protocol describes how this method can be used to stimulate the posterior tibial nerve that activates plantar flexor muscles. Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation consists of inducing an electrical stimulus to a motor nerve to evoke a muscular response. Direct (M-wave) and/or indirect (H-reflex) electrophysiological responses can be recorded at rest using surface electromyography. Mechanical (twitch torque) responses can be quantified with a force/torque ergometer. M-wave and twitch torque reflect neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling, whereas H-reflex provides an index of spinal excitability. EMG activity and mechanical (superimposed twitch) responses can also be recorded during maximal voluntary contractions to evaluate voluntary activation level. Percutaneous nerve stimulation provides an assessment of neuromuscular function in humans, and is highly beneficial especially for studies evaluating neuromuscular plasticity following acute (fatigue) or chronic (training/detraining) exercise. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Procedures During Voluntary Contractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Rozand¹,

Grosprêtre²,

Stapley³

et al. 2015

JoVE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Currently, this normalization method is problematic as the repeatability of the M-max is questionable. It seems to be less reliable as the background contraction level increases [98], decreases with time [99], and is dependent on muscle length [100][101][102] and the task performed [98,102]. If these factors that affect the M-max values could be controlled resulting in more reliable measurements, this method to normalize EMG data has the potential to facilitate comparisons between muscle, between tasks and between individuals.…”

Section: Peak To Peak Amplitude Of the Maximum M-wave (M-max)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normalization of EMG Signals: To Normalize or Not to Normalize and What to Normalize to?

Halaki¹,

Ginn²

2012

Computational Intelligence in Electromyography Analysis - A Perspective on Current Applications and Future Challenges

238

173

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Nonlinear twitch torque summation by motor units activated at M‐wave and H‐reflex latencies

Dean

Collins

2009

Muscle and Nerve

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We have suggested previously that motor units recruited reflexively contribute to torque produced during neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), but this has not been tested directly. The current experiments were designed to quantify the contributions to twitch torque made by motor units recruited at M-wave and H-reflex latencies. The relationship between M-wave amplitude and torque was not linear. Rather, increases in M-wave amplitude caused the largest torque increases when M-waves were small. In addition, the torque contributions made by motor units recruited at M-wave and H-reflex latencies did not sum linearly, as changes in H-reflex amplitude only caused significant changes in torque when M-waves were small (<18% M(max)). This nonlinear summation of torque can be explained by the different latencies of twitches evoked by M-waves and H-reflexes. Large M-waves produce strong contractions at a short latency, possibly introducing slack into adjacent muscle fibers and reducing the ability of motor units recruited reflexively to generate torque. Muscle Nerve 40: 221-230, 2009.

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A review of the H-reflex and M-wave in the human triceps surae

Cited by 100 publications

References 104 publications

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Normalization of EMG Signals: To Normalize or Not to Normalize and What to Normalize to?

Nonlinear twitch torque summation by motor units activated at M‐wave and H‐reflex latencies

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