A review of the geochemistry and lake physics of the Antarctic dry areas

Wilson, A. T.

doi:10.1029/ar033p0185

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For example, in Ace Lake, Antarctica, the thermal maximum cooled from about 8 ~ to 5.8 ~ C during the winter (Hand, 1980) and a summer warming trend has been detected in Lakes C2 and C3 (Ludlam, 1992), and in Lake Bonney (Angino et al, 1964). These data are all in conformity with in situ solar heating of the thermal maxima as suggested by Ragotzkie & Likens (1964), Goldman et al (1972, Wilson (1981), Hobbie (1984), and clearly demonstrated for Hot Lake, Washington (Anderson, 1958) and Pond 14, Antarctica (Goldman et al, 1967).…”

Section: Origin Of the Thermal Maximumsupporting

confidence: 74%

The comparative limnology of high arctic, coastal, meromictic lakes

Ludlam

1996

J Paleolimnol

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Five important features appear in rough order from the surface downwards in physical and chemical profiles from high arctic coastal meromictic lakes. These features are: (1) a supersaturated oxygen maximum, (2) the center of the oxycline, (3) a thermal maximum, (4) a major absorption maximum, and (5) an anoxic stratum. The depth of the absorption maxima and the top of the anoxic strata are both statistically correlated to light penetration and to each other. The depth of the thermal maximum also shows a statistical correlation to light penetration among lakes with a relatively shallow chemocline. The temperature of the thermal maximum appears to be maintained by inputs of light energy while the oxygen maximum is maintained to a large extent by photosynthesis. Thus, these major features are all influenced by light penetration. With the exception of the supersaturated oxygen maximum, all of the above features are dependent for their existence upon the primary chemocline stabilizing the water column. Apparently, in at least some lakes, a near surface secondary chemocline or cool (ca. 4 ~ secondary inverse thermocline will enhance the stability of the water column above the primary chemocline sufficiently to allow a supersaturated oxygen maximum to develop in this region. However, the supersaturated oxygen maximum can extend into the primary chemocline, and in highly transparent Sophia Lake (Cornwallis Island, N.W.T.) this feature extends below the primary chemocline.Where the chemocline is found below depths with adequate illumination, features other than the supersaturated oxygen maximum should be found in deeper water as well, or they should be eliminated from the profiles. Thus, where the chemocline is relatively shallow, the depth of features like the thermal maximum or anoxic strata are related most closely to light penetration, but where chemoclines are deep, as in Lake Tuborg (Ellesmere Island, N.W.T.), the depth of the chemocline determines the depth of the oxycline, thermal maximum, absorption maximum and anoxic stratum.

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Section: Origin Of the Thermal Maximumsupporting

confidence: 74%

The comparative limnology of high arctic, coastal, meromictic lakes

Ludlam

1996

J Paleolimnol

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“…Salinity in some of the lakes ranges from freshwater just beneath the ice to nearly saturated brines, such as that in the bottom waters in the east lobe of Lake Bonney (Craig et al, 1974 ;Priscu, 1995) . The chemistry of the salts varies from lake to lake and various hypotheses have been advanced to explain their origin (Burton, 1981 ;Wilson, 1981). Previous studies have noted the similarity of ionic ratios in seawater to those found in Lake Bonney as evidence for a seawater origin of Lake Bonney salts (Angina et al, 1964 ;Hendy et al, 1977) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of temperature and salt structure of Lake Bonney, a chemically stratified Antarctic lake

Spigel

Priscu

1996

Hydrobiologia

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A resurgence of interest in the ecology of perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo dry valleys has necessitated a review of our knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of these unusual lakes . Salinities in the icecovered lakes cover a range from freshwater to hypersaline brines. Recent measurements of salt composition and concentrations in Lake Bonney reveal little change below the chemocline since extensive measurements made in 1960-1961, although lake level has risen by approximately 5 m since that time . The rise in lake level has resulted in a thickening of the freshwater layer above the chemocline . Temperature structure has adjusted to the effects of increased lake level on heat transfer processes such as transmission and absorption of solar radiation in the water column .Questions about how water-column stability affects biology in Lake Bonney have motivated the formulation of a method to compute density from in situ measurements of temperature, conductivity and pressure . Owing to high salt concentration and unique ion ratios, we modified the UNESCO Equation of State for seawater to predict density at salinities greater than 42 . The modifications merge smoothly with the UNESCO equations at a salinity of 42 . At salinities below 42 the UNESCO equations give excellent predictions of density .

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“…Ice cover persistence on the dry valley lakes results from a balance between ablation, freezing, and glacial meltwater recharge (Wilson, 1981;McKay et al, 1985). Summer air temperatures must be high enough that glaciers melt and recharge the lakes, otherwise the lakes would disappear as the result of sublimation and evaporation.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%