A Review of the Frequency Spectrum of Cloud-to-Cloud and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning

Jones, Herbert L.; Calkins, R. L.; Hughes, W. L.

doi:10.1109/tge.1967.271210

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Evidence is accumulating that a tornado is characterized by a very high rate of occurrence of intracloud lightning flashes [Vonnegut and Weyer, 1966;Anderson et al, 1966]. The flashes are fairly short, only about a kilometer in length [Jones et al, 1967]. These results are consistent with the widespread belief that the tornado is a generator of radio noise at rather higher frequencies than the conventional thunderstorm [Silberg, 1966].…”

Section: Other Sources In Electrified Clouds Considerablesupporting

confidence: 60%

“…For both types of cloud the noise is generated as trains of microsecond pulses lasting 10 or more psec; the noise tends to be associated with minor discharge processes preceding the main flash. Jones et al [1967] have compared photographic records of lightning with direction-finder traces at 10 and 150 kHz, and also with broadband (600 Hz to 250 kHz) waveforms. Their results show that at 10 kHz the return stroke of the flash to ground is by far the strongest radiator but that this predominance of the return stroke over other phases in the discharge is much less marked at 150 kHz.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Commission 8: Progress in Radio Noise of Terrestrial Origin

Pierce¹

1969

Radio Science

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Since Commission 8 was only created on a provisional basis at the Munich General Assembly of URSI in 1966, and since also the U.S. National Committee does not maintain an organization for Commission 8 within the U.S.A., it seems appropriate for informative reasons to start this survey by listing the fields of scientific activity covered by the Commission. These are: 1. Atmospherics, their source characteristics and location. 2. Propagational influences on radio noise (with Commission 3). 3. ELF noise from lightning (with Commission 4). 4. Types of lightning flashes generating whistlers. Propagational effects, other than those in the whistler mode, influencing whistler characteristics (with Commission 4). 5. Statistical properties of noise, noise interference with radio communications. 6. Man‐made noise. This review will discuss work falling within the above fields of study carried out under U.S. auspices and described in 1966, 1967, and 1968. The survey will be confined to papers appearing in recognized journals and other sources of ready availability to which my attention has been drawn; reports of limited circulation and private information will not be considered.

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Section: Other Sources In Electrified Clouds Considerablesupporting

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Commission 8: Progress in Radio Noise of Terrestrial Origin

Pierce¹

1969

Radio Science

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“…The sensor hardware obtains information about the EFC in the frequency band about 1 Hz to 10 kHz, and also in a band centred at 150 kHz with about a 40 kHz bandwidth. The 150 kHz information is dominated by the radiation component for both cloud and ground flashes (Jones et al 1967;Shao et al 1999), and is supported by local observations in Brisbane that there is adequate radiation at 150 kHz from all flash events to trigger the RF detection of the sensor. Also, it is well below the lowest frequency of amplitude-modulated commercial broadcasts.…”

Section: Electric Field Changes (Efc) Caused By Various Types Of Lighmentioning

confidence: 62%

The CGR4 lightning sensor

Mackerras¹,

Darveniza²,

Hettrick³

2009

AMOJ

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Automatic short‐range measurement of the cloud flash to ground flash ratio in thunderstorms

Mackerras¹

1985

J. Geophys. Res.

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The principle of operation of an instrument designed for automatic long‐term measurement of the cloud flash to ground flash ratio in thunderstorms is described. The instrument uses a simple antenna to detect the electric field of lightning and is designed to have an effective range of about 14 km and a maximum range of about 20 km. Wave‐shape feature measurement is used to distinguish between the electric field wave‐shapes corresponding to cloud and ground flashes and is based principally on the presence of relatively large, well‐spaced, positive‐going changes (R changes) in the field changes caused by ground flashes. From observations with the instrument over two thunderstorm seasons from September 1982 to May 1984 in Brisbane, Australia, the cloud flash to ground flash ratio was 3.0. Large variations were observed in the ratio of cloud flashes to ground flashes for individual thunderstorm days. For days on which at least 100 total registrations occurred, the range was 0.9 to 24.7. Possible applications of an instrument of this type in atmospheric electricity studies are discussed.

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A Review of the Frequency Spectrum of Cloud-to-Cloud and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Commission 8: Progress in Radio Noise of Terrestrial Origin

Commission 8: Progress in Radio Noise of Terrestrial Origin

The CGR4 lightning sensor

Automatic short‐range measurement of the cloud flash to ground flash ratio in thunderstorms

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