A Review of the Fossil Record of Turtles of the Clade<i>Pan-Chelydridae</i>

Joyce, Walter G.

doi:10.3374/014.057.0103

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Given that western North America was separated from eastern North America by the intercontinental seaway, it is possible that various taxa migrated to eastern North America via the Arctic [118]. The Bering Land Bridge was utilized by chelydrids and the Emys orbicularis -lineage to disperse to Eurasia during the Paleogene [119, 120] and Neogene [121], respectively (Fig. 11c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A toothed turtle from the Late Jurassic of China and the global biogeographic history of turtles

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTurtles (Testudinata) are a successful lineage of vertebrates with about 350 extant species that inhabit all major oceans and landmasses with tropical to temperate climates. The rich fossil record of turtles documents the adaptation of various sub-lineages to a broad range of habitat preferences, but a synthetic biogeographic model is still lacking for the group.ResultsWe herein describe a new species of fossil turtle from the Late Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, Sichuanchelys palatodentata sp. nov., that is highly unusual by plesiomorphically exhibiting palatal teeth. Phylogenetic analysis places the Late Jurassic Sichuanchelys palatodentata in a clade with the Late Cretaceous Mongolochelys efremovi outside crown group Testudines thereby establishing the prolonged presence of a previously unrecognized clade of turtles in Asia, herein named Sichuanchelyidae. In contrast to previous hypotheses, M. efremovi and Kallokibotion bajazidi are not found within Meiolaniformes, a clade that is here reinterpreted as being restricted to Gondwana.ConclusionsA revision of the global distribution of fossil and recent turtle reveals that the three primary lineages of derived, aquatic turtles, including the crown, Paracryptodira, Pan-Pleurodira, and Pan-Cryptodira can be traced back to the Middle Jurassic of Euramerica, Gondwana, and Asia, respectively, which resulted from the primary break up of Pangaea at that time. The two primary lineages of Pleurodira, Pan-Pelomedusoides and Pan-Chelidae, can similarly be traced back to the Cretaceous of northern and southern Gondwana, respectively, which were separated from one another by a large desert zone during that time. The primary divergence of crown turtles was therefore driven by vicariance to the primary freshwater aquatic habitat of these lineages. The temporally persistent lineages of basal turtles, Helochelydridae, Meiolaniformes, Sichuanchelyidae, can similarly be traced back to the Late Mesozoic of Euramerica, southern Gondwana, and Asia. Given the ambiguous phylogenetic relationships of these three lineages, it is unclear if their diversification was driven by vicariance as well, or if they display a vicariance-like pattern. The clean, primary signal apparent among early turtles is secondarily obliterated throughout the Late Cretaceous to Recent by extensive dispersal of continental turtles and by multiple invasions of marine habitats.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0762-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A toothed turtle from the Late Jurassic of China and the global biogeographic history of turtles

et al. 2016

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“…Plastral scutes.-Testudinoids are unique among extant turtles by possessing paired gulars, humerals, pectorals, abdominals, femorals, and anals (Hutchison and Bramble, 1981), in contrast to extant chelydrids and kinosternoids, which possess intergulars, but lack pectorals (Joyce, 2016;Joyce and Bourque, 2016). A recent phylogenetic analysis of Americhelydia with focus on Chelydroidea (i.e., the clade consisting of Chelydridae and Kinosternoidea) concluded that the lack of pectorals is a synapomorphy of Chelydroidea, but that pectorals were secondarily reacquired within this clade, for instance in the Paleocene dermatemydid Agomphus pectoralis (Cope, 1868) (Lyson et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This general pattern would not hold true if Cardichelyon rogerwoodi were a testudinoid because this turtle would have crossed the Behring Land Bridge long before the climatic event that allowed the coordinated dispersal of its relatives (Vlachos, 2018), as early as the Tiffanian (Hutchison, 2013). In contrast, if Cardichelyon rogerwoodi is a chelydroid, no uncoordinated dispersal event is needed to explain its presence in the Paleocene fossil record of North America because this clade was endemic to this continent for most of its history (Joyce, 2016;Joyce and Bourque, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alternative interpretation of the Paleogene turtle Cardichelyon rogerwoodi as a hinged kinosternoid

Joyce

Julien

2020

J. Paleontol.

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Cardichelyon rogerwoodi is an enigmatic fossil turtle from the late Paleocene to early Eocene of North America. Previous analyses suggested affiliation with Testudinoidea, in particular the big-headed turtle Platysternon megacephalum, based on the presence of multiple musk-duct foramina and a large head. We here highlight previously undocumented characteristics for this turtle, notably the presence of short costiform processes, a rib-like axillary process, and a posterior plastral hinge. Phylogenetic analysis places Cardichelyon rogerwoodi within Testudinoidea, but the exclusion of testudinoids suggest an affiliation with Dermatemydidae. Using consilience with external data we favor placement within Kinosternoidea. Cardichelyon rogerwoodi is therefore an aberrant, hinged kinosternoid that developed in situ in North America during the Paleocene long before the arrival of testudinoids on this continent in the early Eocene.

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“…; Joyce et al . ; Joyce ). Although morphological evidence has subsequently been found to support some of the propositions of molecular studies (e.g.…”

Section: Independent Origins Of Marine Life In Turtlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new phylogenetic hypothesis of turtles with implications for the timing and number of evolutionary transitions to marine lifestyles in the group

2018

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Evolutionary transitions to marine habitats occurred frequently among Mesozoic reptiles. Only one such clade survives to the present: sea turtles (Chelonioidea). Other marine turtles originated during the Mesozoic, but uncertain affinities of key fossils have obscured the number of transitions to marine life, and the timing of the origin of marine adaptation in chelonioids. Phylogenetic studies support either a highly‐inclusive chelonioid total‐group including fossil marine clades from the Jurassic and Cretaceous (e.g. protostegids, thalassochelydians, sandownids) or a less inclusive chelonioid total‐group excluding those clades. Under this paradigm, these clades belong outside Cryptodira, and represent at least one additional evolutionary transition to marine life in turtles. We present a new phylogenetic hypothesis informed by high resolution computed tomographic data of living and fossil taxa. Besides a well‐supported Chelonioidea, which includes protostegids, we recover a previously unknown clade of stem‐group turtles, Angolachelonia, which includes the Late Jurassic thalassochelydians, and the Cretaceous–Palaeogene sandownids. Accounting for the Triassic Odontochelys, our results indicate three independent evolutionary transitions to marine life in non‐pleurodiran turtles (plus an additional two‐three in pleurodires). Among all independent origins of marine habits, a pelagic ecology only evolved once, among chelonioids. All turtle groups that independently invaded marine habitats in the Jurassic–Cretaceous (chelonioids, angolachelonians, bothremydid pleurodires) survived the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction event. This highlights extensive survival of marine turtles compared to other marine reptiles. Furthermore, deeply‐nested clades such as chelonioids are found by the middle Early Cretaceous, suggesting a rapid diversification of crown‐group turtles during the Early Cretaceous.

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A Review of the Fossil Record of Turtles of the CladePan-Chelydridae

Cited by 31 publications

References 65 publications

A toothed turtle from the Late Jurassic of China and the global biogeographic history of turtles

A toothed turtle from the Late Jurassic of China and the global biogeographic history of turtles

An alternative interpretation of the Paleogene turtle Cardichelyon rogerwoodi as a hinged kinosternoid

A new phylogenetic hypothesis of turtles with implications for the timing and number of evolutionary transitions to marine lifestyles in the group

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