A Review of the Evaluation and Management of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in Children

Ruda, James; Krakovitz, Paul; Rose, Austin S.

doi:10.1016/j.otc.2012.03.005

Cited by 80 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Several previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between neurofibromatosis type 1, velocardiofacial syndrome and postradiation, and surgical treatment for head and neck malignancies and VPI. [13][14][15][16][17] In our series, 1 patient developed a retropharyngeal abscess at the injection site. The imaging appearance of this abscess is clearly distinct from the normal postoperative imaging of hyaluronic acid implants by its increased size, restricted diffusion, and peripheral enhancement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Appearance of Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer Implant Injections for Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Brinjikji¹,

Cofer²,

Lane³

2015

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Appearance of Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer Implant Injections for Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Brinjikji¹,

Cofer²,

Lane³

2015

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…An enlarged adenoid pad can lead to hyponasality. Also, an allergic reaction or an inflammatory or obstructive process affecting the nasal cavities can lead to hyponasality [3][4][5].…”

Section: Velopharyngeal Insufficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It seems simpler to use only one term to analyze and specify the underlying pathologic mechanism according to all the pertinent clinical data. Thus, there may be VPI from different causes, including anatomic or structural, iatrogenic, articulatory or neuromuscular [3][4][5].…”

Section: Velopharyngeal Insufficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Management of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Associated with Chromosomal Syndromes

Ysunza

Craniofacial²,

Lozon³

2013

Clon Transgen

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All congenital structural defects in the body are the result of an error in morphogenesis. Morphogenesis takes place around 25 to 29 days of intrauterine life. Chromosomal syndromes involve a phenotypically significant structural and/or numerical chromosomal abnormality.An insufficient function of the velopharyngeal sphincter induces excessive nasal resonance during speech. This abnormal resonance is called hypernasality. A deficient seal of the velopharyngeal sphincter creates an airflow leaking into the rhinopharynx, resulting in abnormal air turbulence through the nasal cavities which can be easily perceived and is called nasal emission. Hypernasality and nasal emission are the clinical signs of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). In other words, VPI is the velopharyngeal inability to create an efficient seal during speech.Most chromosomal syndromes cause VPI as a consequence of a cleft palate. However, when patients with a chromosomal abnormality and VPI are being clinically assessed, it is essential to keep in mind that an apparently and morphologically intact uvula and velum do not rule out the possibility of a sub mucous cleft palate.Several chromosomal syndromes can be associated with VPI, including: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) or velocardiofacial syndrome among other names, Opitz G/BBB syndrome (OS), Kabuki syndrome (KS) and Jacobsen syndrome (JS). Pierre -Robin sequence (PRS) can be associated with some chromosomal syndromes. In these cases, PRS is referred as syndromic PRS.In this paper, the diagnosis and management of VPI in the most common chromosomal syndromes is discussed.

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“…Other common associations are poor speech intelligibility and speech delay [2]. The etiology can be congenital, associated with anatomic, functional, or neuromuscular abnormalities, or acquired during adenoidectomy [1,3]. The precise incidence of congenital VPI has not been reported in the literature but there is a known association between VPI and pediatric syndromes, of note velocardiofacial syndrome, PierreRobin, and cleft palate [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The etiology can be congenital, associated with anatomic, functional, or neuromuscular abnormalities, or acquired during adenoidectomy [1,3]. The precise incidence of congenital VPI has not been reported in the literature but there is a known association between VPI and pediatric syndromes, of note velocardiofacial syndrome, PierreRobin, and cleft palate [1]. Thorough consideration of a syndromic child and their associated constellation of abnormalities is critical in the preoperative planning for VPI repair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory failure after superior-based pharyngeal flap for velopharyngeal insufficiency: A rare complication

Lawlor

Riley

Hildrew

et al. 2015

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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A Review of the Evaluation and Management of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in Children

Cited by 80 publications

References 38 publications

Imaging Appearance of Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer Implant Injections for Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Imaging Appearance of Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer Implant Injections for Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Diagnosis and Management of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Associated with Chromosomal Syndromes

Respiratory failure after superior-based pharyngeal flap for velopharyngeal insufficiency: A rare complication

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