A Review of the Emerging Poultry Visceral Gout Disease Linked to Avian Astrovirus Infection

Li, Linlin; Sun, Mingfei; Zhang, Yun; Liao, Ming

doi:10.3390/ijms231810429

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…ORF1a and ORF1b encode non-structural polyproteins, which regulate viral replication. ORF2 encodes the capsid protein, which is responsible for coating viral nucleic acids and nucleic acid-protein complexes and works against viral infections (Cortez et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2018;Li et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity analysis of newly emerging gosling astrovirus in South China

Gao²,

Zhu³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Goose astroviruses (GoAstV) cause fatal gout and decrease product performance in the waterfowl industry across the world. Since no effective vaccines are available, studies on the epidemiology of the virus are necessary for vaccine development. In this study, we collected 94 gout samples from goose farms in the Guangdong Province of South China. Among them, 87 samples (92.6%) tested positive for GoAstV, out of which five GoAstV strains were isolated after four generations of blind transmission through healthy 13-day-old goose embryos. The whole genome of the isolates was sequenced and further analyzed by comparing the sequences with published sequences from China and other parts of the world. The results of the alignment analysis showed that nucleotide sequence similarities among the five GoAstV isolates were around 97.4–98.8%, 98.6–100%, 98.1–99.8%, and 96.7–100% for the whole genome, ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2, respectively. These results showed that the GoAstV isolates were highly similar to each other, although they were prevalent in five different regions of the Guangdong Province. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the whole genome, along with the ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2 genes of the isolates, were clustered on a single branch, along with the recently published GoAstV-2, and were very distinct from the DNA sequences of the GoAstV-1 virus. In this study, we also reproduced the clinical symptoms of natural infection using the GoAstV-GD2101 isolates, confirming that the gout-causing pathogen in goslings was the goose astrovirus. These findings provided new insights into the pathogenicity and genetic evolution of GoAstV and laid the foundation for effectively controlling the disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity analysis of newly emerging gosling astrovirus in South China

Gao²,

Zhu³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Avian gout is a common metabolic disease characterized by HUA and urate deposits in the viscera or joints [13], and HUA is caused by the overproduction of UA by hepatic metabolism or renal underexcretion [26,27]. Lesions in the liver and kidney, as well as increased expression levels of enzymes related to the synthesis of UA, contribute to HUA and gout formation [14,17]. XOD, which is highly expressed in the liver, is responsible for the synthesis of UA and oxidizes xanthine and hypoxanthine into UA, and ADA, PRPPAT, and PRPS1 can promote the production of xanthine and hypoxanthine [14,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UA is the nal product of purine metabolism in poultry, and a series of enzymes are responsible for its synthesis, including adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XOD), phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (PRPPAT), and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) in the liver [14,15]. The increase in the activities and mRNA expression levels of the enzymes above could lead to the overproduction of UA, which is the main cause of HUA and an important factor that causes gout [14,16,17]. In addition, renal excretion of UA requires coordination of various UA transporters, which is key to renal regulation of the homeostasis of UA [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of stocking density on the homeostasis of uric acid and related liver and kidney functions in ducks

Lin

Liufu

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Avian gout is a common metabolic disease characterized by hyperuricemia and urate deposits in the joints, and it is caused by the overproduction of uric acid by hepatic metabolism or renal underexcretion. However, the effects of stocking density on the metabolism of uric acid are unknown. In the present study, the effects of stocking density on the metabolism and homeostasis of uric acid as well as the related functions of the liver and kidney in ducks were examined. A total of 180 healthy 56-day-old Shan-ma ducks were randomly divided into the low stocking density (LSD; n = 30, density = 5 birds/m2), medium stocking density (MSD; n = 60, density = 10 birds/m2) and high stocking density groups (HSD; n = 90, density = 15 birds/m2). Samples were collected in the 3rd, 6th and 9th weeks of the experiment for analysis. Results: The results showed that the serum levels of uric acid, LPS and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) were increased significantly in the HSD group. Serious histopathological lesions, including acute cellular swelling and vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes in the liver, swelling of glomeruli, necrosis and abscission of renal tubular epithelial cells, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, could be seen in both the livers and kidneys in the HSD group in the 9th week. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-α) and related pathway components (TLR-4, MyD88 and NF-κB) were increased significantly in both the livers and kidneys in the HSD group. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of enzymes (ADA, XOD, PRPPAT and PRPS1) related to the synthesis of uric acid increased significantly in the livers in the HSD group. However, the mRNA expression level of SLC2A9, which is responsible for the excretion of uric acid by the kidney, was decreased significantly in the kidneys in the HSD group. The effects of stocking density on the functions of the liver and kidney in the HSD group as described above might result in hyperuricemia, which might further induce gout. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results indicated that a higher stocking density could cause tissue inflammatory lesions in the liver and kidney and subsequently affect the metabolism and homeostasis of uric acid, and is helpful for guiding decisions related to the breeding and production of ducks.

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“…Among them, ORF1a and ORF1b encode nonstructural proteins that play a certain regulatory role in the virus replication process. ORF2 encodes the capsid protein, a protein whose primary role is to encapsulate viral nucleic acid and nucleic acid-protein complexes, which are critical to viral biology [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Investigation of Goose Astrovirus in Hebei Province, China, 2019–2021

Chen,

Cui,

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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The goose astrovirus (GAstV), a key pathogen causing visceral gout and high mortality in geese, has spread widely in China, with frequent outbreaks in recent years. Outbreaks and transmissions of this virus have been reported across China, causing considerable economic losses to the goose industry worldwide, with losses exceeding tens of billions in China alone. However, there is still no effective prevention strategy against this virus. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the genetic diversity of dominant GAstV strains is crucial for developing targeted vaccines and appropriate therapeutics. As a crucial region for goose breeding in China, Hebei Province has previously lacked reports on the epidemiology of GAstV. Hence, investigating the epidemiology of GAstV in Hebei Province is highly important. From January 2019 to December 2021, 474 samples suspected of having a GAstV infection were collected in Hebei Province in this study. Through detailed histological observations, pathological examinations, virus isolation and identification, and genetic diversity analysis, we found that GAstV-2 has become the predominant circulating genotype. However, the presence of GAstV-1 and mixed infections cannot be ignored and should receive increased attention. The findings of this study not only deepened our understanding of GAstV in waterfowl in China but also provided scientific evidence for developing effective prevention and control measures, thereby promoting the healthy development of the goose industry in China.

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A Review of the Emerging Poultry Visceral Gout Disease Linked to Avian Astrovirus Infection

Cited by 12 publications

References 71 publications

Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity analysis of newly emerging gosling astrovirus in South China

Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity analysis of newly emerging gosling astrovirus in South China

Effects of stocking density on the homeostasis of uric acid and related liver and kidney functions in ducks

Epidemiological Investigation of Goose Astrovirus in Hebei Province, China, 2019–2021

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