A review of the effects of alkali and alkaline earth metal species on biomass gasification

Yu, Junqin; Guo, Qinghua; Gong, Yan; Ding, Lu; Wang, Jiajian; Yu, Guangsuo

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.106723

Cited by 171 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…During cogasification, with the increase of cotton stalk ratio, the contents of H 2 and CO 2 increased, while the contents of CO and CH 4 decreased. This was due to the promoted heterogeneous carbon-vapor reactions (R(3) and R( 4)) [41], watergas shift reaction (R( 5)), and homogeneous hydrocarbon reforming reactions (R(6) and R( 7)) by inherent AAEMs [42].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on the Co-Pyrolysis of Coal and Biomass

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Biorefineries - Selected Processes

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In this chapter, the synergistic mechanism and the resulting influence during co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass, are summarized. The properties of coal and biomass, the release and migration of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs), the interaction between volatile and char, the characteristics of the resulting volatiles, and the physicochemical structure and reactivity of co-pyrolysis char, are also analyzed. In addition, the influence of AAEMs on the properties of the co-pyrolysis products is reviewed. Moreover, the analysis of the co-pyrolysis industry demonstration is also mentioned. Finally, this chapter also proposes some additional possibilities, based on further literature research.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on the Co-Pyrolysis of Coal and Biomass

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Biorefineries - Selected Processes

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“…Despite alkali catalysts being comparatively expensive and difficult to replace, ash generated from most biomass sources is rich in alkali metals, and hence it can be used as an effective catalyst. According to Yu et al (2021), alkali and alkaline earth metals generally increase the gasification reactivity and gas yield while improving gas quality. However, the exact effect depends upon the gasification agent and other process parameters.…”

Section: Effects Of Process Parameters On Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of thermochemical conversion of waste biomass – a comprehensive review

et al. 2021

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Thermochemical processes, which include pyrolysis, torrefaction, gasification, combustion, and hydrothermal conversions, are perceived to be more efficient in converting waste biomass to energy and value-added products than biochemical processes. From the chemical point of view, thermochemical processes are highly complex and sensitive to numerous physicochemical properties, thus making reactor and process modeling more challenging. Nevertheless, the successful commercialization of these processes is contingent upon optimized reactor and process designs, which can be effectively achieved via modeling and simulation. Models of various scales with numerous simplifying assumptions have been developed for specific applications of thermochemical conversion of waste biomass. However, there is a research gap that needs to be explored to elaborate the scale of applicability, limitations, accuracy, validity, and special features of each model. This review study investigates all above mentioned important aspects and features of the existing models for all established industrial thermochemical conversion processes with emphasis on waste biomass, thus addressing the research gap mentioned above and presenting commercial-scale applicability in terms of reactor designing, process control and optimization, and potential ways to upgrade existing models for higher accuracy.

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“…Higher temperature pyrolysis conditions will lead to production of bio-oil with a composition trending toward a highly aromatic deoxygenated 55 product similar to gasification tar. 56,57,58 The composition of bio-oil can also be controlled via the use of catalytic pyrolysis. Zeolite-catalyzed pyrolysis can lead similarly to a highly aromatized deoxygenated product.…”

Section: ■ Industrial Carbons Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of the bio-oil products can also be partially controlled by the pyrolysis conditions. Higher temperature pyrolysis conditions will lead to production of bio-oil with a composition trending toward a highly aromatic deoxygenated product similar to gasification tar. ,, The composition of bio-oil can also be controlled via the use of catalytic pyrolysis. Zeolite-catalyzed pyrolysis can lead similarly to a highly aromatized deoxygenated product. − Other catalysts or coreactants can alter the composition of bio-oil in differing ways. , As is shown in this review, the amount of oxygen, ash, or other impurities in the precursor can influence the properties and function of the carbon product.…”

Section: Industrial Carbons Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on Biobased Industrial Carbons as Thermochemical Biorefinery Coproducts

Elkasabi

Mullen

2021

Energy Fuels

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Industrial carbons are a category of high purity carbon (>95 wt %) materials that are solid at room temperature, produced in bulk as refinery byproducts, and subsequently used in a wide variety of applications. The most dominant industrial carbons are calcined coke, coal tar pitch, carbon black, and graphite. The manufacturing sector consumes a large majority of industrial carbons as electrode materials, carbon binders, tire reinforcement fillers, and ink components and constitutes one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Thermochemical conversion of biomass offers promising pathways for both the integration of drop-in fuels with refinery infrastructure and for the production of carbonaceous solid materials. Conversely, over the past two decades, most biofuels efforts focused on fuel production technologies with high-value small molecule chemicals as coproducts. This review summarizes recent progress toward developing biobased industrial carbons, particularly as coproducts from thermochemical conversions of biomass. Pyrolysis and gasification produce liquid and solid products in varying yields; biocarbons from either stream currently must compromise between adequate yield and adequate quality. While metals can be removed post-synthesis, there exist opportunities for improvement of biocarbon quality, including using deashed biomass and/or process modification beyond standard pyrolysis conditions. Improving calcined coke and tar pitch properties (density/porosity and softening point/coking value, respectively) will likely follow by departing from standard biomass conversion parameters. Although markets exist for biobased graphite, current products of high quality will require significant research into scale-up strategies.

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A review of the effects of alkali and alkaline earth metal species on biomass gasification

Cited by 171 publications

References 145 publications

Progress on the Co-Pyrolysis of Coal and Biomass

Progress on the Co-Pyrolysis of Coal and Biomass

Modeling of thermochemical conversion of waste biomass – a comprehensive review

Progress on Biobased Industrial Carbons as Thermochemical Biorefinery Coproducts

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