A Review of the Effects of Chlorpromazine and Reserpine in Patients with Mental Disorders.

Evarts, Edward V.; Butler, Robert N.

doi:10.1037/11259-004

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…In the initial phase, chlorpromazine often, but not always, causes drowsiness and sleepiness. Sleep never approaches "a comatose state" (8). Nor do patientswith rare exceptions-experience confusion or hangover feelings when waking up.…”

Section: Effects On Psychological Functions'mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection of Patients from the Clinical Point of View.

Freyhan¹

1959

Psychopharmacology: Problems in Evaluation.

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Section: Effects On Psychological Functions'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychological performance tests after single doses of chlorpromazine are reported to have shown evidence of intellectual impairment (8). It would be interesting to compare test results during subsequent phases of treatment, since single dose studies are clinically of limited significance.…”

Section: Effects On Psychological Functions'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Patients from the Clinical Point of View.

Freyhan¹

1959

Psychopharmacology: Problems in Evaluation.

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“…It is to be hoped that expansion of research in this area will be productive of more than new and better tranquilizing agents. The limitations of therapeutic agents with psychological effects similar to those of chlorpromazine and reserpine have become increasingly clear: on the basis of evidence available to date, such drugs would appear to make disturbed patients cooperative but to leave them none the less psychotic (16). The widespread use of reserpine and chlorpromazine in mental hospitals has certainly resulted in a beneficial change in the atmosphere of formerly disturbed psychiatric wards; the fact remains that, in spite of these beneficial changes, patients have in large measure remained hospitalized (71).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Discussion of the Relevance of Effects of Drugs on Animal Behavior to the Possible Effects of Drugs on Psychopathological Processes in Man.

Evarts¹

1959

Psychopharmacology: Problems in Evaluation.

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Biochemical and Physiological Changes Associated with Schizophrenia.

Domino¹

1959

Psychopharmacology: Problems in Evaluation.

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As our knowledge and clinical experience with phrenotropic drugs increases it is evident that agents such as reserpine, chlorpromazine, promazine, proclorperazine, perphenazine, and others make the disturbed psychotic more manageable but still leave him psychotic (48,130). The incidence of remissions following drug therapy appears no better than that following the myriad of more drastice somatic shock therapies. These results are not necessarily disappointing, for the widespread use of phrenotropic drugs as therapeutic adjuncts in psychiatry has strengthened the view that functions of the mind are the end result of an actively metabolizing brain. By giving fresh impetus to the search for possible physiochemical abnormalities in mental disease, the present nonspecific symptomatic drug therapies have already accomplished a great deal.Since the design of more specific drug treatments is dependent upon discrete knowledge of possible biochemical and physiological aberrations associated with mental disease, it is pertinent to the objectives of this conference to review critically the available evidence for such alterations. Both primary and secondary biochemical and physiological changes are of interest. Obviously it may be extremely difficult to distinguish between cause and effect. If one assumes that most mental disease has purely psychic etiological factors, it still follows that they will probably produce secondary physiological abnormalities; the psychosomatic literature provides many examples (40). The reverse is equally true; somatopsychic phenomena are well known. Physiological and biochemical alterations profoundly influence mental functions, as evidenced by the effects of hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and hypercapnia, and by such drugs as the hallucinogens LSD-25 and mescaline. Drug therapy, if rational, need not affect only primary physiochemical alterations, but may give symptomatic relief by modifying secondary disturbances. For example, an agent like amphetamine does not correct the primary psychopathology involving neurotic obesity but does curb the secondary increase in appetite.All physiological and biochemical changes in psychoses, if real, are of interest to the pharmacologist, for drugs might be designed that can affect either primary or secondary metabolic or physiologic disturbances. Presumably our present tranquilizers act to reduce secondary physiologic disturbances in the overreactive, vociferous, and hallucinating patient but do not affect his primary psychopathology.In 1895, Maudsley (132) wrote on insanity with excitement that: "The many diligent and elaborate chemical analyses of the urine which have been made by different inquirers in different countries, notwithstanding that the tabular exposition of them might fill a large volume, have failed to yield definite and constant results or to warrant any positive inference." This statement is equally true today for all types of insanity, but perhaps it should be qualified. Thus, in 1957, we can paraphrase Maudsley's remarks of 62 years ago and say t...

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A Review of the Effects of Chlorpromazine and Reserpine in Patients with Mental Disorders.

Cited by 4 publications

References 76 publications

Selection of Patients from the Clinical Point of View.

Selection of Patients from the Clinical Point of View.

A Discussion of the Relevance of Effects of Drugs on Animal Behavior to the Possible Effects of Drugs on Psychopathological Processes in Man.

Biochemical and Physiological Changes Associated with Schizophrenia.

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