A review of the effect of cigarette advertising

Capella, Michael L.; Webster, Cynthia; Kinard, Brian R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2011.05.002

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Moreover, while smoking advertising was banned in the former GDR, it was allowed in the FRG until 1974(Heinemann et al, 1995Hong, 2002). Although the effect of advertising on smoking behaviour is a matter of controversy, Capella et al (2011) showed in their latest review that cigarette advertising is a signifi cant predictor of smoking initiation, and also of the consumer's decision to continue smoking. Hence, the low acceptability of female smokers in the former GDR and the different levels of exposure to cigarette advertising in the two parts of Germany might be an explanation, although it needs further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diffusion of Smoking in East and West Germany: Smoking Patterns by Birth Year

Westphal¹,

Doblhammer²

2012

Population (English Edition)

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Along with remarkable increases in life expectancy in recent decades (Christensen et al., 2009;Oeppen and Vaupel, 2002), there has been a shift away from acute illnesses and towards chronic diseases -e.g. cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, skin diseases and metabolic diseasesthat now pose major challenges for the health care system (Hurrelmann, 2006). Besides overweight and obesity, which can lead to chronic illness, smoking has been identifi ed as one of the most important risk factors for population health and premature mortality (Cutler et al., 2007;Doblhammer et al., 2009;Peto and Lopez, 2004;Preston et al., 2010;Preston and Wang, 2006;Sassi, 2010). While smoking was an almost exclusively male habit in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it has also become common among women in recent decades. As a consequence, the gender gap in smoking has been narrowing across

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diffusion of Smoking in East and West Germany: Smoking Patterns by Birth Year

Westphal¹,

Doblhammer²

2012

Population (English Edition)

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“…The glut of e-cigarette advertising could be contributing to e-cigarettes’ rise in popularity. Greater exposure to cigarette advertising predicts greater likelihood of smoking initiation 17 18. By extension, exposure to e-cigarette advertising may prompt people to start using e-cigarettes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of advertisements on smokers’ interest in trying e-cigarettes: the roles of product comparison and visual cues

et al. 2014

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IntroductionElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-powered nicotine delivery devices that have become popular among smokers. We conducted an experiment to understand adult smokers’ responses to e-cigarette advertisements and investigate the impact of ads’ arguments and imagery.MethodsA US national sample of smokers who had never tried e-cigarettes (n=3253) participated in a between-subjects experiment. Smokers viewed an online advertisement promoting e-cigarettes using one of three comparison types (emphasising similarity to regular cigarettes, differences or neither) with one of three images, for nine conditions total. Smokers then indicated their interest in trying e-cigarettes.ResultsAds that emphasised differences between e-cigarettes and regular cigarettes elicited more interest than ads without comparisons (p<0.01), primarily due to claims about e-cigarettes’ lower cost, greater healthfulness and utility for smoking cessation. However, ads that emphasised the similarities of the products did not differ from ads without comparisons. Ads showing a person using an e-cigarette created more interest than ads showing a person without an e-cigarette (p<0.01).ConclusionsInterest in trying e-cigarettes was highest after viewing ads with messages about differences between regular and electronic cigarettes and ads showing product use. If e-cigarettes prove to be harmful or ineffective cessation devices, regulators might restrict images of e-cigarette use in advertising, and public health messages should not emphasise differences between regular and electronic cigarettes. To inform additional regulations, future research should seek to identify what advertising messages and features appeal to youth.

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“…Exposure to cigarette advertisements predicts brand loyalty and brand switching behavior among smokers, and has been associated with increased cigarette consumption and continuation of smoking. 2 Tobacco product advertisements are inherently at odds with the overall intent of health warning labels, which aim to communicate information about the risks of tobacco use and promote cessation. Graphic warning labels convey the known dangers of tobacco products and are required on tobacco product packaging in over 60 countries globally.…”

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confidence: 99%

Does Size Impact Attention and Recall of Graphic Health Warnings?

et al. 2015

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Objective To evaluate the attention paid to larger sizes of graphic health warnings (GHWs) embedded within cigarette advertisements so as to assess their impacts on rural smokers. Methods Daily smokers (N = 298) were randomly assigned to view a cigarette advertisement with 3 conditions: 2 intervention conditions with GHW comprising 20% or 33% of the ad area, or a text-only control. Eye-tracking software measured attention in milliseconds. Binary outcome mediation was conducted. Results Intervention participants spent 24% of their time viewing the GHWs, compared to 10% for control (p < .01). The odds of GHW recall in the combined (20% and 33%) intervention group were 3.3 times higher than controls. Total dwell time mediated 33% of the effect of the graphic condition on any recall. Conclusions GHWs in 20% of cigarette advertisement space attracted significantly more attention than text-only warnings; larger GHWs did not increase attention. Attention was significantly associated with warning recall; total time viewing mediated warning recall. Tobacco ads should include GHWs to attract the attention of smokers.

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A review of the effect of cigarette advertising

Cited by 25 publications

References 143 publications

The Diffusion of Smoking in East and West Germany: Smoking Patterns by Birth Year

The Diffusion of Smoking in East and West Germany: Smoking Patterns by Birth Year

Effects of advertisements on smokers’ interest in trying e-cigarettes: the roles of product comparison and visual cues

Does Size Impact Attention and Recall of Graphic Health Warnings?

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