A Review of the Biological Activities of Microalgal Carotenoids and Their Potential Use in Healthcare and Cosmetic Industries

Sathasivam, Ramaraj; Ki, Jang‐Seu

doi:10.3390/md16010026

Cited by 354 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…The biosynthetic pathway of (apo)carotenoids and their industrial potential have been extensively reviewed [214,222] (Fig. 4a).…”

Section: Carotenoids (Tetraterpenoids)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyclization of all-trans lycopene by lycopene β-cyclase (LCYb) or lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYe) [224] creates a branch point for the synthesis of unique carotene backbones such as α-, β-, γ-, δ-, or ε-carotene. Finally, carotene molecules undergo a variety of decorations catalyzed by specific CYP450, epoxidase, ketolase or hydroxylase to produce the bioactive carotenoids [222]. Successful engineering of rice grain resulted in the accumulation of β-carotene, canthaxanthin, capsanthin and astaxanthin in the case of Golden Rice and aSTARice [225,226].…”

Section: Ssl-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies for the production of biochemicals in bioenergy crops

Lin

Eudes

2020

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Industrial crops are grown to produce goods for manufacturing. Rather than food and feed, they supply raw materials for making biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and specialty chemicals, as well as feedstocks for fabricating fiber, biopolymer, and construction materials. Therefore, such crops offer the potential to reduce our dependency on petrochemicals that currently serve as building blocks for manufacturing the majority of our industrial and consumer products. In this review, we are providing examples of metabolites synthesized in plants that can be used as bio-based platform chemicals for partial replacement of their petroleum-derived counterparts. Plant metabolic engineering approaches aiming at increasing the content of these metabolites in biomass are presented. In particular, we emphasize on recent advances in the manipulation of the shikimate and isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways, both of which being the source of multiple valuable compounds. Implementing and optimizing engineered metabolic pathways for accumulation of coproducts in bioenergy crops may represent a valuable option for enhancing the commercial value of biomass and attaining sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries.

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“…The biosynthetic pathway of (apo)carotenoids and their industrial potential have been extensively reviewed [214,222] (Fig. 4a).…”

Section: Carotenoids (Tetraterpenoids)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ssl-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for the production of biochemicals in bioenergy crops

Lin

Eudes

2020

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…Sathasivam and Ki properly reviewed recent investigations on health and cosmetic benefits associated with main carotenoids found in microalgae. Table 3 summarizes these biological activities [45].…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae

et al. 2018

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At present, there is an increasing demand for natural bioactive compounds able to provide health benefits when included and consumed in a functional food or in a nutraceutical. In this regard, microalgae are promising natural sources with great potential, not only considering that these organisms are largely underexplored, but also because microalgae can be produced at large scale and their chemical composition might be tuned to over-synthesize a particular target compound. The use of advanced sustainable extraction techniques to recover these bioactive compounds is a must nowadays. This work presents an overview on the use of compressed fluid-based extraction techniques to obtain bioactive compounds from microalgae that can be seen also as a first step towards its recovery at larger scale. When relevant, the description of the analytical procedure used to chemically characterize the bioactive compounds is also included.

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“…In humans, carotenoids are an essential part of the diet, providing pro-vitamin A and reducing the onset of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and other age-related diseases (Fraser and Bramley, 2004;Fiedor and Burda, 2014). In aquaculture and poultry industries, carotenoids such as β -carotene, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin are used as a feed supplementation to enhance the color of egg yolk, chicken, and fish meat (Vílchez et al, 2011;Sathasivam and Ki, 2018). Due to all aforementioned features of carotenoids, the demand and market for these natural products are growing remarkably (Sathasivam and Ki, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of Orange (OR) and OR mutant protein inChlamydomonas reinhardtiienhances carotenoid and ABA accumulation and increases resistance to abiotic stress

Croen

Fish

Thannhauser

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The carotenoid content of plants can be increased by overexpression of the regulatory protein ORANGE (OR) or a mutant variant known as the 'golden SNP'. In the present study, transgenic lines of the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were generated to overexpress either wild type CrOR (CrOR WT ) or a mutated CrOR (CrOR His ) containing a single histidine substitution for a conserved arginine. Overexpression of both CrOR WT and CrOR His dramatically enhanced the accumulation of several different carotenoids, including β -cartotene, α -carotene, lutein and violaxanthin, in C. reinhardtii and, in contrast to higher plants, upregulated the transcript abundance of several relevant carotenoid biosynthetic genes. In addition, microscopic analysis revealed that the OR transgenic cells were larger than control cells and exhibited larger chloroplasts with a disrupted morphology. Moreover, both CrOR WT and CrOR His cell lines showed increased tolerance to salt and paraquat stress. The levels of endogenous phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) were also increased in CrOR WT and CrOR His lines, not only in normal growth conditions but also in growth medium supplemented with paraquat. Together these results offer new insights regarding the role of the OR protein in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in microalgae, and establish a new functional role for OR to modulate oxidative stress tolerance mediated by ABA. 1 0 2 8 Berman J, Zorrilla-López U, Medina V, Farré G, Sandmann G, Capell T, Christou P, Zhu C (2017) The Arabidopsis ORANGE (AtOR) gene promotes carotenoid accumulation in transgenic corn hybrids derived from parental lines with limited carotenoid pools. Plant Cell Reports 36: 933-945. Bowler C, Slooten L, Vandenbranden S, De Rycke R, Botterman J, Sybesma C, Van Montagu M, Inzé D (1991) Manganese superoxide dismutase can reduce cellular damage mediated by oxygen radicals in transgenic plants. The EMBO Journal

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A Review of the Biological Activities of Microalgal Carotenoids and Their Potential Use in Healthcare and Cosmetic Industries

Cited by 354 publications

References 180 publications

Strategies for the production of biochemicals in bioenergy crops

Strategies for the production of biochemicals in bioenergy crops

Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae

Overexpression of Orange (OR) and OR mutant protein inChlamydomonas reinhardtiienhances carotenoid and ABA accumulation and increases resistance to abiotic stress

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