A review of the Bakken petroleum systems in the United States and Canada: Recognizing the importance of the Middle Member play

Donohue, Catherine M.; Barrie, Craig D.

doi:10.1306/04122120093

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The unusually high oil saturation in the immature Bakken shales has been reported by Johnson [31]. Although traditional thermal maturity proxies, such as programmed pyrolysis Tmax, have indicated that the studied Bakken shales are immature (Tmax ≈ 431 • C), those samples were fully saturated with oil and were in fact bleeding oil [29].…”

Section: The Bakken Formationmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The alkylnaphtalene ratios are probably a better representation of the actual thermal maturity of the samples given the oil saturation found, which would not be expected for an immature rock. Previous studies have reported that highly organic-rich Bakken intervals tend to show underestimated maturity because of hydrocarbon carryover into the S2-pyrolysis peak, which leads to Tmax values lower than expected [29,44].…”

Section: Molecular Analysis Of Organic Extracts From the As-received ...mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The Bakken Formation is divided into (1) an organic-rich black shale lower member, (2) a fine-grained siltstone and sandstone middle member, and (3) an organic-rich black shale upper member. The lower and upper organic-rich intervals, which are the hydrocarbon source rocks in the Bakken petroleum system, sandwich the Middle Bakken reservoir [27,29].…”

Section: The Bakken Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Mechanism in Canadian Bakken Shale

et al. 2022

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The recovery factor in unconventional reservoirs is typically 5-10%, with extensive hydraulic fracturing and infill drilling to maintain the production rate. Concurrently, the rush towards decarbonization is opening up new possibilities for CO2 utilization, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) being one example. CO2-EOR in unconventional reservoirs presents an opportunity for both financial gain through improved recovery factors, as well as reducing the carbon footprint of the produced oil. In this work, we examine the CO2-EOR potential in 4 organic-rich shale samples from the Canadian Bakken Formation. A number of characterization tests alongside CO2 extraction experiments were performed to gain insight into the controlling factors of CO2-EOR in these ultra-tight formations. The results show CO2 can penetrate the tight rock matrix and recover a substantial amount of hydrocarbon. Concentration gradient driven diffusion is the dominant form of recovery.

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Section: The Bakken Formationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Molecular Analysis Of Organic Extracts From the As-received ...mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: The Bakken Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Mechanism in Canadian Bakken Shale

et al. 2022

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“…Many favorable shale oil reservoirs and those under development have undergone petroleum migration, such as the Bakken shale oil in Williston Basin, Niobrara shale oil in Denver Basin and Chang-7 shale oil in Ordos (Han et al, 2019a, b;Theloy et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020;Sonnenberg, 2020;Donohue and Barrie, 2021). Shale oil often migrates from organic-rich shale to organic-lean interbeds in these shale-oil plays.…”

Section: Hydrocarbon Expulsion Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic-rich shale is a proven new type of oil field with great resource potential, thus has been receiving increasing attention (Zhao et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2021b;Jia et al, 2022;Li et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2022a, b;Khan et al, 2023). At present, the industrial production of shale oil has been successful in many basins in North America, such as the Eagle Ford shale in the Gulf of Mexico Basin (Bodziak et al, 2014;Pommer and Milliken, 2015;Gottardi and Mason, 2018), the Wolfcamp shale in the Permian Basin (Heij and Elmore, 2019;Hackley et al, 2020), the Bakken shale in the Williston Basin (Pollastro et al, 2012;Donohue and Barrie., 2021), the Niobrara shale in the Denver Basin (Han et al, 2019b) and the Barnett shale in the Fort Worth Basin (Han et al, 2015). Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in the exploration of continental shale oil in China, including the Lucaogou Formation in the Junggar Basin, the Chang 7 Member in the Ordos Basin and the second member of the Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag, Bohaiwan Basin (Yang et al, 2019;Zou et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum Retention, Intraformational Migration and Segmented Accumulation within the Organic‐rich Shale in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, Northeast China

HUANGFU

ZHANG

Zhang

et al. 2023

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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In this study, organic geochemical and petrological analyses of 111 shale samples from a well were conducted to understand the retention, intraformational migration and segmented accumulation (shale oil enriched in different intervals is unconnected) features of shale oil within the organic‐rich shale in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag. Our study shows that retained petroleum characteristics in the investigated succession are mainly influenced by three factors: organic richness, intraformational migration, and segmented accumulation. Organic matter richness primarily controls the amount of retained petroleum, especially the “live” component indicated by the S2 value rather than the total organic carbon (TOC) alone. The negative expulsion efficiencies determined by mass‐balance calculations of hydrocarbons reveal that petroleum from adjacent organic‐rich intervals migrates into the interval of about 2386–2408 m, which is characterized by high free hydrocarbon (S1), OSI and saturated hydrocarbons content, and a greater difference in δ13C values between polar compounds (including resins and asphaltenes) and saturated hydrocarbons. The depth‐dependent heterogeneity of carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of mud methane gas, δ13C of extracts gross composition(SARA), δ13C of kerogen and SARA content of extracts suggest that the studied succession can be subdivided into four intervals. The shale oil sealing enrichment character in each interval is further corroborated by the different δ13C values of mud methane gas in different intervals. Due to the migration of petroleum into the 2386–2408 m interval, the S1, OSI, and saturated hydrocarbons content of the interval show relatively higher values. And the maturity of organic matter in the 2471.0–2500 m interval is at the highest with the smaller size molecular components of the retained petroleum. Thus, favorable sweet spots may be found in the 2386–2408 m interval and the 2471.0–2500 m interval according to the experiment results in this study.

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Unconventional resources

Dembicki¹

2022

Practical Petroleum Geochemistry for Exploration and Production

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A review of the Bakken petroleum systems in the United States and Canada: Recognizing the importance of the Middle Member play

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Mechanism in Canadian Bakken Shale

CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Mechanism in Canadian Bakken Shale

Petroleum Retention, Intraformational Migration and Segmented Accumulation within the Organic‐rich Shale in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, Northeast China

Unconventional resources

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