A review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems

Costa, Tiago Nascimento da; Akdeniz, Neslihan

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.047

Cited by 54 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…From the environmental point of view, most pig producers worldwide, carry out mortality disposal through dangerous practices, such as incineration, landfill, and burial, among others (depending on the regulation of each country). Therefore, we propose composting processes, can become a feasible alternative to consider with less environmental impact [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Management of swine mortalities through the use of a mixed composting-accelerating bio-inoculant

Matiz-Villamil

Chamorro-Tobar²,

Sáenz-Aponte

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incineration can become a possibility, but transporting mortality to destined facilities is often undesirable. Portable incinerators are expensive, in some countries and require an operating air permit, and can generate infectious particulate aerosols, considered a problem [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of swine mortalities through the use of a mixed composting-accelerating bio-inoculant

Matiz-Villamil

Chamorro-Tobar²,

Sáenz-Aponte

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…For example, rodents living at landfill sites in the Istra peninsula are more likely than wild rodents to be infected by zoonotic viruses, such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus [ 201 ],. Birds and their stools have been reported to carry over 60 types of pathogens, including bird influenza [ 202 ], and other human epidemic viruses such as H1N1, H2N1, and H3N2 [ 204 , 205 ]. Mutated influenza viruses can accumulate in migratory birds until they break through the ecological barrier to infect humans [ 73 , 206 ].…”

Section: Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven By Human Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2022

Engineering

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The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and concerns about several other pandemics in the 21st century have attracted extensive global attention. These emerging infectious diseases threaten global public health and raise urgent studies on unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their transmission from animals to humans. Although numerous works have intensively discussed the cross-species and endemic barriers to the occurrence and spread of emerging infectious diseases, both types of barriers play synergistic roles in wildlife habitats. Thus far, there is still a lack of a complete understanding of viral diffusion, migration, and transmission in ecosystems from a macro perspective. In this review, we conceptualize the ecological barrier that represents the combined effects of cross-species and endemic barriers for either the natural or intermediate hosts of viruses. We comprehensively discuss the key influential factors affecting the ecological barrier against viral transmission from virus hosts in their natural habitats into human society, including transmission routes, contact probability, contact frequency, and viral characteristics. Considering the significant impacts of human activities and global industrialization on the strength of the ecological barrier, ecological barrier deterioration driven by human activities is critically analyzed for potential mechanisms. Global climate change can trigger and expand the range of emerging infectious diseases, and human disturbances promote higher contact frequency and greater transmission possibility. In addition, globalization drives more transmission routes and produces new high-risk regions in city areas. This review aims to provide a new concept for and comprehensive evidence of the ecological barrier blocking the transmission and spread of emerging infectious diseases. It also offers new insights into potential strategies to protect the ecological barrier and reduce the wide-ranging risks of emerging infectious diseases to public health.

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“…and 2015 and 2016 U.S. avian influenza outbreaks (Costa and Akdeniz, 2019). Information regarding composting swine mortalities during a disease outbreak is mostly limited to scientific case studies.…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the plastic‐wrapped composting system to dispose of swine mortalities during an animal disease outbreak

et al. 2021

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Composting has been used to dispose of animal mortalities and infected materials, such as manure and feed, during major animal disease outbreaks. In this study, we adapted the plastic-wrapped mortality composting system developed by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency during the 2004 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak to compost swine mortalities. The goals of the study were to evaluate the performance of the plastic-wrapped composting system to dispose of swine mortalities and to field test its ability to eliminate the spread of airborne pathogens through the aeration ducts. Two cover materials, ground cornstalks and woodchips, were tested using passively and actively aerated composting sheds. The mortalities were inoculated with Salmonella spp. and vaccine strains of Bovine herpesvirus-1 and Bovine viral diarrhea virus. Air samples collected from the upper aeration duct (air outlet) during the first 10 d of composting were negative for Salmonella and the viruses tested, which indicated that aerosol transmission of the pathogens was limited. The aeration plenum placed under the mortalities helped to keep conditions aerobic, as O 2 concentrations of both passively and actively aerated test units were above 11%. Actively aerated cornstalks had the highest degree-hours (1,462˚C h d −1 ), which was followed by passively aerated cornstalks (1,312˚C h d −1 ), actively aerated woodchips (1,303˚C h d −1 ), and passively aerated woodchips (1,062˚C h d −1 ). After a 7-wk composting period, all three pathogens were inactivated based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction test results. The mortalities were not inoculated with the African swine fever virus, but temperature data showed that if they were, the system had the potential to eliminate this virus. INTRODUCTIONAnimal disease outbreaks cause significant economic losses and threaten animal health, food security, and the environ-Abbreviations: ASFV, African swine fever virus; BHV-1, Bovine herpesvirus-1; BVDV, Bovine viral diarrhea virus; EC, electrical conductivity; FMD, foot-and-mouth disease; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.

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A review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems

Cited by 54 publications

References 65 publications

Management of swine mortalities through the use of a mixed composting-accelerating bio-inoculant

Management of swine mortalities through the use of a mixed composting-accelerating bio-inoculant

Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases

Testing the plastic‐wrapped composting system to dispose of swine mortalities during an animal disease outbreak

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