A review of the activity, fate and mode of action of sulfonylurea herbicides

Abstract

The sulfonylurea herbicides are a relatively new group of compounds which control broad‐leaved weeds and some grasses in cereal crops. This literature review emphasises work reported on chlorsulfuron and met‐sulfuron‐methyl. The activity of the herbicides, their fate in soil and in plants, and their mode of action are discussed. In addition some of the methods of assaying these compounds are described.

The development of sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) plants from in vitro selection

“…Sulfonylureas are herbicides developed for control of broadleaf weeds as weIl as for sorne grasses in cereals and grain crops (Blair and Martin, 1988). These herbicides have many important features.…”

“…Thus, overexpression of ALS resul.ting from an increased gene dosage conferred the increased tolerance. Blair (1988) contends that metabolism is likely the basis of tolerance, as ALS extracted frnm tolerant plants, wheat and oats, is as sensitive to CS inhibilion as ALS from sensi ti ve plants, such as peas and soybeans. However, Chaleff and Mauvais (1984), using tobacco suspension cultures, isolated CS resistant lines and found that the phenotype was inherited as a single dominant or semidominant mutation in the ALS gene, and that thi~ single nuclear gene mutation was responsible for resistance exhibited at the whole plant level.…”

“…Grant and Marten (1985) and Madill et al, (1980) noted that herbicides can suppress growth of trefoil and cause serious crop damage under conditions of drought or high temperature. Blair and Martin (1988) Other measurements taken at the same time ta establish whether these increases in yield and diameter were associated with any other phenotypic traits (described in 3.3.C.ii) were ,.…”

Combined Effects of Chlorsulfuron and Bensulfuron-Methyl Herbicides on the Size of Microbial Biomass in a loamy sand soil

“…These compounds degrade in the soil both by biological and chemical processes and they are not environmentally persistent (Brown, 1990). Chlorsulfuron and bensulfuron-methyl, sulfonylurea herbicides, are characterized as a broad-spectrum herbicides that are effective for controlling broad-leaved weeds at very low use rates in wheat and rice fields, respectively (Takeda et al, 1985;Blair and Martin, 1988). The objective of this study was to observe the dynamic responses of chlorsulfuron and bensulfuron-methyl herbicides, applied in combined form, on the size of soil microbial biomass C, N and the ratios of C mic /N mic in a loamy sand soil under controlled conditions.…”

Selective Herbicidal Activities of Ethyl 5-(4, 6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate and Its Related Compounds

“…1). [1][2][3] We are interested in their structures and herbicidal activities and attempted to develop new compounds with high activity as well as excellent crop safety.…”