A Review of the 21st Century Challenges in the Food-Energy-Water Security in the Middle East

Hameed, Maysoun Ayad; Moradkhani, Hamid; Ahmadalipour, Ali; Moftakhari, Hamed; Abbaszadeh, Peyman; Alipour, Atieh

doi:10.3390/w11040682

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…External (exogenous) drivers can simultaneously affect their behavior; thus, they need to be considered to address resilience challenges in terms of opportunities and trade-offs. External drivers can include climate variables and related extreme events-that is, temperature, precipitation, and drought-and socioeconomic stresses such as economic growth, population growth, poverty, political stability (Hameed et al, 2019). They can directly be linked in the FEW-WISE framework through multiple interactions and feedbacks across spatial and temporal scales (Chenoweth et al, 2011;King and Jaafar, 2015;Scanlon et al, 2017), thus creating risks and management challenges.…”

Section: Nm Few Nexus Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Food, Energy, and Water Nexus, Human Well-Being, and Resilience (FEW-WISE) Framework: New Mexico

Yadav

Geli

Cibils

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Interconnected food, energy, and water (FEW) nexus systems face many challenges to support human well-being (HWB) and maintain resilience, especially in arid and semiarid regions like New Mexico (NM), United States (US). Insufficient FEW resources, unstable economic growth due to fluctuations in prices of crude oil and natural gas, inequitable education and employment, and climate change are some of these challenges. Enhancing the resilience of such coupled socio-environmental systems depends on the efficient use of resources, improved understanding of the interlinkages across FEW system components, and adopting adaptable alternative management strategies. The goal of this study was to develop a framework that can be used to enhance the resilience of these systems. An integrated food, energy, water, well-being, and resilience (FEW-WISE) framework was developed and introduced in this study. This framework consists mainly of five steps to qualitatively and quantitatively assess FEW system relationships, identify important external drivers, integrate FEW systems using system dynamics models, develop FEW and HWB performance indices, and develop a resilience monitoring criterion using a threshold-based approach that integrates these indices. The FEW-WISE framework can be used to evaluate and predict the dynamic behavior of FEW systems in response to environmental and socioeconomic changes using resilience indicators. In conclusion, the derived resilience index can be used to inform the decision-making processes to guide the development of alternative scenario-based management strategies to enhance the resilience of ecological and socioeconomic well-being of vulnerable regions like NM.

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Section: Nm Few Nexus Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Food, Energy, and Water Nexus, Human Well-Being, and Resilience (FEW-WISE) Framework: New Mexico

Yadav

Geli

Cibils

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Hameed, et al [9] reviewed the 21 st century challenges that face food, energy and water (FEW) security in the Middle East. The study found that, most of the studied countries are facing FEW resource insecurities.…”

Section: Literature Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Agriculture and Water Sector and the Reality of Food Security in Arab Countries (2010-2017)

Mustafa

2020

Agriculture and Food Sciences Research

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The main aim of the paper is to presents the reality of food security in Arab countries (that means literally the Arab peninsula and the North African Arab States); in the light of the efficiency of agriculture and water sector during the period (2010-2017). The descriptive analytical approach was used. Secondary data were collected and used to describe challenges that faced Arab food security during that period. The results found that agricultural production is insufficient to meets the demand for food in Arab countries because it highly depends on rain-fed irrigation which causes low productivity; in connection with poor strategic planning. Further, it is found that, poor exploitation and miss-management of water resources, conversion of farmland to urban uses, application of old technology, population growth, rising demand for food and degradation of natural resources have contributed to widening of food gap. The study recommends that, if Arab countries want to achieve the food security and self-sufficiency they have to consider the following: use of modern technology to improve the productivity, cooperation in agricultural research, good utilization of water resources and effective agricultural and financing policies.

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“…These efforts brought some progress in reducing the overexploitation of water resources, enabled to increase the nonconventional water sources. Some wealthiest countries managed to create efficient systems of seawater desalinization to improve their irrigation infrastructure and drainage networks [69]. Based on MODIS data Badreldin and Goossens detected anti-desertification change in El-Tina plain and Qanatra Shark in Egipt in the studied years 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2011 and indicated that societal drivers contributed to mitigate and compact desertification process [70].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Factors Affecting the Vegetation Dynamics in the Arid Middle East

Rousta¹,

Ólafsson²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The spatiotemporal variability of vegetation in the Middle East was investigated for the period 2001–2019 using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 16-day/500 m composites of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI; MOD13A1). The results reveal a strong increase in the NDVI coverage in the Middle East during the study period (R = 0.75, p-value = 0.05). In Egypt, the annual coverage exhibits the strongest positive trend (R = 0.99, p-value = 0.05). In Turkey, both the vegetation coverage and density increased from 2001 to 2019, which can be attributed to the construction of some of the biggest dams in the Middle East, such as the Atatürk and Ilisu dams. Significant increases in the annual coverage and maximum and average NDVI in Saudi Arabia are due to farming in the northern part of the country for which groundwater and desalinated seawater are used. The results of this study suggest that the main factors affecting the vegetation coverage in the Middle East are governmental policies. These policies can have a positive effect on the vegetation coverage in some countries such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Iran, and Turkey.

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A Review of the 21st Century Challenges in the Food-Energy-Water Security in the Middle East

Cited by 72 publications

References 63 publications

An Integrated Food, Energy, and Water Nexus, Human Well-Being, and Resilience (FEW-WISE) Framework: New Mexico

An Integrated Food, Energy, and Water Nexus, Human Well-Being, and Resilience (FEW-WISE) Framework: New Mexico

Efficiency of Agriculture and Water Sector and the Reality of Food Security in Arab Countries (2010-2017)

Anthropogenic Factors Affecting the Vegetation Dynamics in the Arid Middle East

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