A review of testosterone supplementation and cardiovascular risk

Jhawar, Nikita; Chirilă, Răzvan M.

doi:10.2478/rjim-2022-0022

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite its wide applications, concerns have emerged regarding potential risks associated with testosterone therapy, particularly an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of testosterone treatment on various aspects of health is imperative to ensure informed prescription practices [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. One area of interest is the influence of testosterone on the structure and functionality of salivary glands given its effects in modulating their size and function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Exposure to Supraphysiological Levels of Testosterone Impacts Rat Submandibular Gland Proteome

Valente-Santos,

Vitorino,

Sousa-Mendes

et al. 2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The salivary glands play a central role in the secretion of saliva, whose composition and volume affect oral and overall health. A lesser-explored dimension encompasses the possible changes in salivary gland proteomes in response to fluctuations in sex hormone levels. This study aimed to examine the effects of chronic exposure to testosterone on salivary gland remodeling, particularly focusing on proteomic adaptations. Therefore, male Wistar rats were implanted with subcutaneous testosterone-releasing devices at 14 weeks of age. Their submandibular glands were histologically and molecularly analyzed 47 weeks later. The results underscored a significant increase in gland mass after testosterone exposure, further supported by histologic evidence of granular duct enlargement. Despite increased circulating sex hormones, there was no detectable shift in the tissue levels of estrogen alpha and androgen receptors. GeLC-MS/MS and subsequent bioinformatics identified 308 proteins in the submandibular glands, 12 of which were modulated by testosterone. Of note was the pronounced upregulation of Klk3 and the downregulation of Klk6 and Klk7 after testosterone exposure. Protein–protein interaction analysis with the androgen receptor suggests that Klk3 is a potential target of androgenic signaling, paralleling previous findings in the prostate. This exploratory analysis sheds light on the response of salivary glands to testosterone exposure, providing proteome-level insights into the associated weight and histological changes.

show abstract