A Review of Technology of Personal Heating Garments

Wang, Faming; Gao, Chuansi; Kuklane, Kalev; Holmér, Ingvar

doi:10.1080/10803548.2010.11076854

Cited by 112 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…11,51 The fast response of PEDOT/PSS fibers is ascribed to the small diameter and a direct measurement without any substrate attached to the fibers. To summarize, the merit of PEDOT/PSS fibers as heaters lies in (1) very fast response which is comparable with metal wires; (2) low density, high conductivity, high flexibility, stretchability and better tolerance to frequent bending and contact as compared to carbon fibers and metallic wires 54 ; and (3) good spinnability for directly co-spinning with nonconductive polyester fibers from different nozzles, which can be easily twisted and woven into textiles for the application of wearable heaters.…”

Section: Electrothermal Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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High-ampacity conductive polymer microfibers as fast response wearable heaters and electromechanical actuators

et al. 2016

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CitationHigh-ampacity conductive polymer microfibers as fast response wearable heaters and electromechanical actuators 2016, 4 (6) Conductive fibers with enhanced physical properties and functionalities are needed for a diversity of electronic devices. Here, we report very high performance in the thermal and mechanical response of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) microfibers when subjected to an electrical current. These fibers were made by combining hot-drawing assisted wetspinning process with ethylene glycol doping/de-doping can work at a high current density as high as 1.8 ⇥ 10 4 A cm 2 , which is comparable to that of carbon nanotube fibers. Their electrothermal response was investigated using optical sensors and verified to be as fast as 63 C s 1 and is comparable with that of metallic heating elements (20-50 C s 1 ). We investigated the electromechanical actuation resulted from the reversible sorption/desorption of moisture controlled by electro-induced heating.Results revealed an improvement of several orders of magnitudes compared to other linear conductive polymer-based actuators in air. Specifically, the fibers we designed here have a rapid stress generation rate (> 40 MPa s 1 ) and a wide operating frequency range (up to 40 Hz). These fibers have several characteristics including fast response, low-driven voltage, good repeatability, long cycle life and high energy efficiency, favoring their use as heating elements on wearable textiles and as artificial muscles for robotics.

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Section: Electrothermal Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3g and h), which is a comfortable temperature range for hands (between 33 and 38 C). 41,54 Smaller power sources, such as coin batteries, could also be used, but the location of the electrodes, the conductivity and the arrangement of the fiber bundle on the glove would need to be engineered.…”

Section: Electrothermal Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

High-ampacity conductive polymer microfibers as fast response wearable heaters and electromechanical actuators

et al. 2016

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“…Inner clothing, more difficult to visually assess plays a major role in moisture absorption and sweat evaporation, and directly affects the subjective assessment of the thermal environment and consequently the thermal comfort. (Wang, Gao, Kuklane & Holmer, 2010) proposes a possible solution to the current rule of thumb estimation of clothing insulation level. It is the recently emerging heating garments equipped with smart technology and fabric.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining several thermal indices to generate a unique heat comfort assessment methodology

Hachem

Khoury

Harik

2015

JIEM

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Abstract:Purpose: The proposed methodology hopes to provide a systematic multi-disciplinary approach to assess the thermal environment while minimizing unneeded efforts.Design/methodology/approach: Different factors affect the perception of the human thermal experience: metabolic rate (biology), surrounding temperatures (heat balance and environmental factors) and cognitive treatment (physiology).This paper proposes a combination of different multidisciplinary variables to generate a unique heat comfort assessment methodology. The variables at stake are physiological, biological, and environmental. Our own heat analysis is thoroughly presented and all relevant equations are described.Findings: Most companies are oblivious about potential dangers of heat stress accidents and thus about methods to monitor and prevent them. This methodology enables the company or the concerned individual to conduct a preliminary assessment with minimal wasted resources and time in unnecessary steps whilst providing a guideline for a detailed study with minimal error rates if needed. More so, thermal comfort is an integral part of sound ergonomics practices, which in turn are decisive for the success of any lean six sigma initiative. Research limitations/implications: This methodology requires several full implementationsto finalize its design.-1491-Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management -http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1521 Originality/value: Most used heat comfort models are inherently uncertain and tiresome to apply.An extensive literature review confirms the need for a uniform assessment methodology that combines the different thermal comfort models such as the Fanger comfort model (PMV, PPD) and WGBT since high error rates coupled with tiresome calculations often hinder the thermal assessment process.

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“…Wang et al summarized advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of personal heating garments. 3 Ozan et al 4 developed heating garment by using steel-based conductive yarns with portable power supplies and controlling electric circuit and evaluated the performances of the heating garments on a thermal mannequin in cold weather environments. In another study the authors showed that performances of the heating fabric were closely correlative with power supply and current amount.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Electric Heating Fabric Based on Silver Coated Nylon Yarn

Thilagavathi¹,

Muthukumar²,

Kannaian³

2017

JTEFT

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Due to the recent development of wearable electronic textiles and smart textiles, the conductive fabrics and electrically heated garments have been extensively studied and applied in many fields. In this work an electric heating fabric was fabricated by sewing silver coated nylon yarn over the polyester fabric. In order to minimize the power consumption, instead of heating whole garment surfaces, local warming was preferred by stitching silver coated nylon yarn over polyester fabric in a specific pattern. The integration of silver coated nylon yarn and portable power supply used for warming function. The heating fabric properties such as power supply and saturation time for a particular temperature were investigated. The results showed that the increase in temperature above room temperature was 16˚C and the power requirement for 1˚C rise in temperature was 0.92 Watts.Keywords: electro textiles, heating fabric, power supply, silver coated nylon yarn, Design of heating fabricFor development of electrically heating fabric, the silver coated nylon yarn was stitched over the polyester base fabric in parallel combination as shown in Figure 1 to provide parallel power supply. In parallel connection the resultant resistance of the design is less and it can produce maximum heating effects. In order to make connection with power supply, an additional stitch was given in serial manner. Characterization methods Measurement of electrical resistance of silver coated nylon yarn:Electrical resistance measurements were performed on the silver coated nylon yarn after conditioning the samples in a standard atmosphere. The resistance was measured ten times and the average value was taken. The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colourists (AATCC) test method 76-1995 was used to measure the resistance of the conductive yarn. Measurement of heat generating property:The heat generating property of the developed fabric was investigated by monitoring the temperature of fabric surface upon applying an electrical current, where a commercial 9V battery was used as power supply. The temperature of fabric surface was measured using a thermo couple mounted on the surface of the fabric under the atmospheric condition. The experimental set up used in this study shown in the Figure 2. Results and discussion Thermo-electric properties of heating fabricThe electrical resistance of the silver-coated multifilament nylon yarn of 117D/17f was measured and the results are shown in Figure 3. The test was carried out between the lengths of 1cm to 10cm. The change in resistance was found to be directly proportional to the length. For studying the relation between power applied and temperature, the temperature of the developed fabric was raised above the ambient room temperature using portable power supply. This temperature rise is not the average temperature rise of the whole fabric. So in order to find the average temperature rise of fabric, it was decided to keep the heating fabric inside a cartoon box. Fifteen trials were taken, an...

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A Review of Technology of Personal Heating Garments

Abstract: energy save cold protection personal heating garment (PHG) human comfort

Cited by 112 publications

References 41 publications

High-ampacity conductive polymer microfibers as fast response wearable heaters and electromechanical actuators

High-ampacity conductive polymer microfibers as fast response wearable heaters and electromechanical actuators

Combining several thermal indices to generate a unique heat comfort assessment methodology

Development and Characterization of Electric Heating Fabric Based on Silver Coated Nylon Yarn

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