A review of technologies for the transport of digital data in recent physics experiments

Calvet, D.

doi:10.1109/rtc.2005.1547535

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…FASTBUS had several advantages over its competitor, namely larger board sizes more suitable for bulky front-ends and native multicrate support with higher bandwidth. In the 1990s, however, VME ended up dominating the scene due to industry support and ease of use [49,50].…”

Section: Parallelized Daqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other successful data transmission technologies had been conceived for Storage Area Networks (SAN), like Cypress' Hotlink [54] and Agilent's G-Link [55], and Local Area Networks (LAN), like Fast Ethernet [56]; in particular, the mass adoption of switched 100 Mbps Ethernet as a networking standard made it an extremely inexpensive choice. A comprehensive review of the competing transport technologies at the time can be found in [50].…”

Section: From Data Buses To Serial Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…clock recovery, serializers and deserializers, and line coding and decoding, starting in 2002 [69]. The general trend has become to use high speed point-to-point serial links at various levels within systems, encapsulate information flows in packets, and bind multiple channels together at the logical instead of the physical level in order to increase throughput [50]. FPGAs were already the technology of choice for interface to raw high-speed data links due to their ability to handle data formatting and transport much more efficiently than other computing devices such as microprocessors, DSPs or GPUs [35]; the inclusion of embedded transceivers further adds to their idoneity by removing the requirement of external transceiver devices.…”

Section: Fpgas and Serial Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a data acquisition architecture with distributed synchronization for a Positron Emission Tomography system with integrated front-end.

Varea¹,

Ramón²

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a non-invasive nuclear medical imaging modality that makes it possible to observe the distribution of metabolic substances within a patient's body after marking them with radioactive isotopes and arranging an annular scanner around him in order to detect their decays. The main applications of this technique are the detection and tracing of tumors in cancer patients and metabolic studies with small animals.The Electronic Design for Nuclear Applications (EDNA) research group within the Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M) has been involved in the study of high performance PET systems and maintains a small experimental setup with two detector modules. This thesis is framed within the necessity of developing a new data acquisition system (DAQ) for the aforementioned setup that corrects the drawbacks of the existing one. The main objective is to define a DAQ architecture that is completely scalable, modular, and guarantees the mobility and the possibility of reusing its components, so that it admits any extension of modification of the setup and it is possible to export it directly to the configurations used by other groups or experiments. At the same time, this architecture should be compatible with the best possible resolutions attainable at the present instead of imposing artificial limits on system performance. In particular, the new DAQ system should outperform the previous one.As a first step, a general study of DAQ architectures is carried out in the context of experimental setups for PET and other high energy physics applications. On one hand, the conclusion is reached that the desired specifications require early digitization of detector signals, exclusively digital communication between modules, and the absence of a centralized trigger. On the other hand, the necessity of a very precise distributed synchronization scheme between modules becomes apparent, with errors in the order of 100 ps, and operating directly over the data links. A study of the existing methods reveals their severe limitations in terms of achievable precision. A theoretical analysis of the situation is carried out with the goal of overcoming them, and a new synchronization algorithm is proposed that is able to reach the desired resolution while getting rid of the restrictions on clock iii alignment that are imposed by virtually all usual schemes. Since the measurement of clock phase difference plays a crucial role in the proposed algorithm, extensions to the existing methods are defined and analyzed that improve them significantly. The proposed scheme for synchronism is validated using commercial evaluation boards.Taking the proposed synchronization method as a starting point, a DAQ architecture for PET is defined that is composed of two types of module (acquisition and concentration) whose replication makes it possible to arrange a hierarchic system of arbitrary size, and circuit boards are designed and commissioned that implement a realization of the architecture for the...

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Section: Parallelized Daqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: From Data Buses To Serial Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fpgas and Serial Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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