A review of studies on Candida species in Peninsular Malaysia

Farooq, Humaira; Monowar, Tahmina; Latt, Swe Swe; Chinni, Suresh V.; Zainol, Noor Hasliza; Sabesan, Gokul Shankar

doi:10.4103/abr.abr_3_22

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The analysis of literature data reveals that in Malaysia and Bangladesh, the majority of VVCs are frequently due to C. albicans, but also to NAC such as C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. Among them, the S. ciferrii complex makes its own entry into local epidemiology as a cause of VVC, showing a high rate of resistance to itraconazole in addition to fluconazole [153]. In parallel to Malaysian data, S. ciferrii-complex-related VVC exhibits a high azole and AmB resistance rate but few data are currently available [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stephanoascus ciferrii Complex: The Current State of Infections and Drug Resistance in Humans

Cosio,

Pica,

Fontana

et al. 2024

JoF

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In recent years, the incidence of fungal infections in humans has increased dramatically, accompanied by an expansion in the number of species implicated as etiological agents, especially environmental fungi never involved before in human infection. Among fungal pathogens, Candida species are the most common opportunistic fungi that can cause local and systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most common causative agent of mucosal and healthcare-associated systemic infections. However, during recent decades, there has been a worrying increase in the number of emerging multi-drug-resistant non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, i.e., C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. auris, and C. ciferrii. In particular, Candida ciferrii, also known as Stephanoascus ciferrii or Trichomonascus ciferrii, is a heterothallic ascomycete yeast-like fungus that has received attention in recent decades as a cause of local and systemic fungal diseases. Today, the new definition of the S. ciferrii complex, which consists of S. ciferrii, Candida allociferrii, and Candida mucifera, was proposed after sequencing the 18S rRNA gene. Currently, the S. ciferrii complex is mostly associated with non-severe ear and eye infections, although a few cases of severe candidemia have been reported in immunocompromised individuals. Low susceptibility to currently available antifungal drugs is a rising concern, especially in NAC species. In this regard, a high rate of resistance to azoles and more recently also to echinocandins has emerged in the S. ciferrii complex. This review focuses on epidemiological, biological, and clinical aspects of the S. ciferrii complex, including its pathogenicity and drug resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stephanoascus ciferrii Complex: The Current State of Infections and Drug Resistance in Humans

Cosio,

Pica,

Fontana

et al. 2024

JoF

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“…For instance, in Australia, the United States, and Malaysia, C. glabrata is the predominant candidemia-causing pathogen among the non-albicans Candida spp. ( Cleveland et al., 2012 ; Chapman et al., 2017 ; Farooq et al., 2022 ); however, in Japan and Europe, it ranks third, with Candida parapsilosis frequently detected as the leading or secondary species ( Faria-Ramos et al., 2014 ; Morii et al., 2014 ). Moreover, compared with those caused by non-albicans Candida spp., C. glabrata infections are associated with a higher mortality rate, ranging from 40% to 70% ( Krcmery and Barnes, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory role of Mss11 in Candida glabrata virulence: adhesion and biofilm formation

Wang,

Huang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionCandida glabrata has emerged as a fungal pathogen with high infection and mortality rates, and its primary virulence factors are related to adhesion and biofilm formation. These virulence factors in C.glabrata are primarily mediated by epithelial adhesins (Epas), most of which are encoded in subtelomeric regions and regulated by subtelomeric silencing mechanisms. The transcription factor Mss11, known for its regulatory role in adhesion, biofilm formation, and filamentous growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, has also been implicated in the expression of EPA6, suggesting its potential influence on C.glabrata virulence. The present study aims to determine the regulatory role of Mss11 in the virulence of C. glabrata.MethodsIn this work, a Δmss11 null mutant and its complemented strain were constructed from a C.glabrata standard strain. The impact of the transcription factor Mss11 on the virulence of C.glabrata was investigated through a series of phenotypic experiments, including the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH) test, adherence assay, biofilm assay, scanning electron microscopy and Galleria mellonella virulence assay. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) were employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the regulation of Mss11.ResultsIn C.glabrata, the loss of MSS11 led to a significant reduction in several virulence factors including cell surface hydrophobicity, epithelial cell adhesion, and biofilm formation. These observations were consistent with the decreased virulence of the Δmss11 mutant observed in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Further exploration demonstrated that Mss11 modulates C. glabrata virulence by regulating EPA1 and EPA6 expression. It binds to the upstream regions of EPA1 and EPA6, as well as the promoter regions of the subtelomeric silencing-related genes SIR4, RIF1, and RAP1, indicating the dual regulatory role of Mss11.ConclusionMss11 plays a crucial role in C. glabrata adhesion and biofilm formation, and thus has a broad influence on virulence. This regulation is achieved by regulating the expression of EPA1 and EPA6 through both promoter-specific regulation and subtelomeric silencing.

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Enhancing prognostic prediction of invasive candidiasis among cancer patients with a serum C5a-based scoring model

Li,

Wang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Support Care Cancer

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A review of studies on Candida species in Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Stephanoascus ciferrii Complex: The Current State of Infections and Drug Resistance in Humans

Stephanoascus ciferrii Complex: The Current State of Infections and Drug Resistance in Humans

Regulatory role of Mss11 in Candida glabrata virulence: adhesion and biofilm formation

Enhancing prognostic prediction of invasive candidiasis among cancer patients with a serum C5a-based scoring model

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