A review of studies of the biological effects of electromagnetic fields in the intermediate frequency range

Shigemitsu, Tsukasa; Yamazaki, Kazuhiko; Nakasono, Satoshi; Kakikawa, Makiko

doi:10.1002/tee.20181

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Another topic that has to be taken into account is the impact of intermediate frequency electromagnetic fields (IF-EMF) on organisms [33]. It is also important to note that if our bioreactor is operated unshielded, the stray field is within health and safety limitations [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Class-E Amplifier for a Loosely Coupled Inductive Power Transfer System with Multiple Receivers

Sutor

Heining

2019

Energies

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We present a method for optimizing the electronic power system for a new type of photobioreactor or photoreactor in general. In the case of photobioreactors, photosynthetic active microorganisms or cells are grown. A novel concept for the illumination of photobioreactors was necessary, as the external illumination of those reactors leads to a limited penetration depth of light. Due to the limited penetration depth, no standard reactors can be use for cultivation, but custom made reactors with very small volume to surface ratio have to be used. This still prevents the technology from a large scale industrial impact. The solution we propose in this paper is an internal illumination via Wireless Light Emitters. This increases the manageable culture volume of photosynthetic active microorganisms or cells. The illumination system is based on floating light emitters, which are powered wirelessly by near field resonant inductive coupling. The floating light emitters are able to illuminate a photobioreactor more homogeneously than external illumination systems do. We designed a class-E amplifier and field coils to produce an intermediate frequency electromagnetic field inside the reactor. An appropriate magnetic flux density was found to be approx. B = 1 mT and the driving frequency is f = 176 kHz. We conducted experiments with a laboratory size photoreactor. The cultivation volume was 30 L containing up to 3000 WLEs. The maximum electric power input was more than 300 W and we calculated an efficiency of up to 76%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Class-E Amplifier for a Loosely Coupled Inductive Power Transfer System with Multiple Receivers

Sutor

Heining

2019

Energies

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“…Many studies have been conducted. The IF studies in Japan are found in the review papers published previously . More recently, further studies have been conducted and reported.…”

Section: Overview Of the Studies In Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioelectromagnetics researches in Japan for human protection from electromagnetic field exposures

Taki

2016

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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Research works on bioelectromagnetics in Japan are reviewed with a focus on the efforts devoted to the issue of human protection from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures. History of this issue in Japan is briefly reviewed first for all EMF spectra. Then research works on radiofrequency (RF) EMF are summarized in more detail. The RF studies reviewed are mainly conducted in the framework of research program by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) started in 1997. Because of this program, collaborations between biology/medicine and engineering have been promoted. The results consistently show no evidence against the safety of RF-EMF within the exposure levels of internationally accepted guidelines.

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“…Research studies have shown that, depending on their intensity and frequency, EMF can modify certain biochemical processes and thus have an influence on the behavior of living matter [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] exposed to EMF of anthropogenic origin. Findings have shown that the EMF influences on the living matter are largely influenced by the experimental conditions, namely the frequency and intensity of the applied EMF, the dielectric characteristics of the sample materials, the geometry of the experimental cells / bioreactors [20], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric spectroscopic evaluation in the extremely low frequency range of an Aspergillus niger culture

Lingvay¹,

Caramitu²,

Bors³

et al. 2019

Studia UBB Chemia

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By using the dielectric spectroscopy technique in the extremely low frequency (1-200Hz) range, dielectric loss tgδ was determined on both Aspergillus niger cultures in different growth stages and autoclaved biomass compared to the Czapex-Dox culture medium with sterile sucrose. Experimental results have shown that living and sterile matter samples have different dielectric characteristics. In sterile probes, the evolutionary functions of tgδ depending on frequency are continuous, specific to αrelaxation governed by DC electrical conductivity. In living matter samples, the function of dielectric losses tgδ, depending on frequency, show several discontinuities that indicate the existence of some processes in which, at those frequencies, the number of charge carriers from investigated living matter is changing. It has also been found that the package of active processes differs depending on the growth stage of Aspergillus niger.

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A review of studies of the biological effects of electromagnetic fields in the intermediate frequency range

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

A Class-E Amplifier for a Loosely Coupled Inductive Power Transfer System with Multiple Receivers

A Class-E Amplifier for a Loosely Coupled Inductive Power Transfer System with Multiple Receivers

Bioelectromagnetics researches in Japan for human protection from electromagnetic field exposures

Dielectric spectroscopic evaluation in the extremely low frequency range of an Aspergillus niger culture

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