A Review of Statistical Studies of Relations Between Myopia and Ethnic, Behavioral, and Physiological Characteristics

Baldwin, William R.

doi:10.1097/00006324-198107000-00002

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…However, the high prevalence in the Mwanza study may not be representative because schools had been selected purposively to include a high proportion of Asian students, and all but one of the schools was fee-paying. Asian origin and high socio-economic status are both associated with myopia 5 10 – 12. The prevalence of significant RE is expected to be even lower in primary school students and in children who do not attend school, as myopia is associated with education 10 13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two strategies for correcting refractive errors in school students in Tanzania: randomised comparison, with implications for screening programmes

Wedner

Masanja

Bowman³

et al. 2007

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two strategies for correcting refractive errors in school students in Tanzania: randomised comparison, with implications for screening programmes

Wedner

Masanja

Bowman³

et al. 2007

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…It should be noted that the accommodation exerted when viewing a near target is influenced by the vergence requirements of the stimulus [34] and that in the present study all measurements were made under binocular viewing conditions. It is possible, therefore, that differences in the accommodative response may reflect variations in the accommodation/vergence relationships between emmetropes and myopes [35,36]. Indeed it might prove interesting to compare monocular and binocular accommodative responses in emmetropes and late-onset myopes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady-state accommodation and ocular biometry in late-onset myopia

1992

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The steady-state accommodative responses of emmetropes and late-onset myopes was measured for an array of numbers located at -1, -3 and -5 dioptres using an objective infra-red optometer. Responses were compared for passive (reading numbers) and active (adding numbers) conditions. For the passive condition, the late-onset myopes showed a significantly lower accommodative response than the emmetropic group. No significant differences were found between the two groups for the active condition. Ocular biometric characteristics were also measured in emmetropes, late-onset myopes and early-onset myopes using keratometry and ultrasonography. No significant differences in corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and crystalline lens thickness were found between the groups. Late-onset myopes exhibited significantly deeper vitreous chambers than emmetropes, which more than accounted for the difference in refractive error between the two refractive groups. We conclude that, while significant differences exist in the accommodative responses of late-onset myopes and emmetropes, late-onset myopia is due predominantly to elongation of the vitreous chamber.

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“…4,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The prevalence of myopia varies because of varying definitions of myopia, but in the US adult population, the estimated prevalence of 25% is supported by multiple studies. 4,[25][26][27][28] Females are reported to have an earlier onset and a slightly higher prevalence than males, 24,[27][28][29] US Asians and Hispanics have a higher prevalence than whites or African Americans, 26 Chinese and Japanese populations have very high myopia prevalences of greater than 50% to 70%, [28][29][30][31] and Ashkenazi Jews, especially Orthodox males, have shown a higher prevalence than other white US and European populations. 31 "Juvenile-onset" myopia most often develops and progresses between the ages of 10 and 16 years, whereas "pathologic" or highgrade myopia usually begins to develop in the perinatal period and is associated with rapid refractive error myopic shifts before 10 to 12 years of age.…”

Section: Types and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%