A review of statistical methods for dietary pattern analysis

Zhao, Junkang; Li, Zhiyao; Gao, Qian; Zhao, Haifeng; Chen, Shuting; Huang, Ling-Qiao; Wang, Yiyun; Wang, Tong

doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00692-7

Cited by 145 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Then, each participant was attributed a score for each extracted factor via the multiple regression method. The score indicated the level of correlation between the individual's dietary intake and the extracted factor/diet (18)(19)(20). Second, these scores were used in the K-mean cluster analysis to divide the participants into separate clusters corresponding to their identified dietary pattern (17).…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Association Between the Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19 Risk in Lebanon: A Case-Control Study

Khoury

Julien

2021

Front. Nutr.

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Background: Since 2019, the world is confronting the COVID-19 public health crisis that deeply impacted all aspects of life, from the health sector to economy. Despite the advancement of research targeting pandemic containment measures, more strategies are still needed to alleviate the burden caused by this novel disease. In particular, optimal nutrition was proposed as a possible mitigating factor in the context of COVID-19. Indeed, the light is shed on balanced diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, which present the finest nutritional quality to support the immune system and other physiologic functions. In contrast, less varied diets that lack the needed nutrients and favor inflammation have been correlated with adverse health effects, including a hindered immune response, such as the western diet.Methods: This observational case control study aimed at exploring the possible associations between the different dietary patterns present among a sample of the Lebanese population and the COVID-19 occurrence and outcomes. An online survey collected information about the sociodemographic characteristics, health status, lifestyle, and dietary habits through the Mediterranean diet questionnaire and a semi-quantitative fod frequency questionnaire, and the COVID-19 infection and its burden. The sample consisted of 399 respondents divided into the case and control groups (37.6 and 62.4%, respectively) on the basis of the presence or absence of a COVID-19 infection history.Results: The participants in the case and control groups had average adherence to the Mediterranean diet and their dietary intake was closer to the western diet. However, the cases had a lower mean of the MedDiet score (p = 0.009). Food groups consumption analysis showed that this significant difference within the overall similar dietary patterns was due to a higher consumption of poultry and a trend toward decreased consumption of olive oil and increased read meat and alcohol intake among the cases. Additionally, gender influenced the levels of different foods' consumption. Nonetheless, the dietary intake did not impact the COVID-19 burden.Conclusion: It is recommended to adopt healthy food choices within the different dietary patterns for a better protection against COVID-19. These findings should be validated in larger-scale studies.

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Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Association Between the Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19 Risk in Lebanon: A Case-Control Study

Khoury

Julien

2021

Front. Nutr.

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“…PCA uses the correlation matrix of food intake variables to identify common patterns of food consumption within the data in order to account for the largest amount of variation in diet. 33 The varimax rotation is a statistical technique used to clarify the relationship among factors; it simplifies the loadings of items by removing the middle ground and more specifically identifying the factor upon which data load. 34 In order to derive the eating patterns, a simple score was assigned to each category of the intake frequency of each food group: 1 score = "<1 time per month", 2 scores = "1 to 3 times per month", 3 scores = "1 to 3 times per week", 4 scores = "4 to 6 times per week", 5 scores = "≥1 time per day".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Eating Habits and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Population-Based Study

Du¹,

Duan²,

Zheng³

et al. 2021

NSS

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The effect of dietary factors on OSA remains unclear. This study was to investigate the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with individual and overall effects of eating habits among adult Chinese. Methods: A total of 9733 participants were selected from the baseline survey of the Guangzhou Heart Study. OSA was ascertained by Berlin Questionnaire. Food consumption was collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and eating patterns were extracted by principal component analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by the logistic regression model. Results: After adjustment for confounders, fried food intake with ≥1/week was associated with an increased risk of OSA (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.37-2.27), while fruit consumption of ≥1/day was associated with a 26% reduced risk of OSA (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.88). Three eating patterns were defined and labeled as pattern I, II, and III. Eating pattern III which had higher factor loadings of animal innards, fried food, salted food, carbonate, and non-carbonated beverages was associated with an increased risk of OSA (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09-1.55) when comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of pattern score, after adjusting for confounders; every 1-unit increment of pattern III score was associated with an increased risk of OSA (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14). Neither pattern I nor pattern II was observed to be associated with OSA risk. Conclusion: A higher frequency intake of fruits was associated with a reduced OSA risk and a diet with higher levels of consumption of animal innards, fried food, salted food, carbonated beverages, and non-carbonated beverages may increase the risk of OSA.

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“…These techniques may include a priori methods to assess specific characteristics of the diet, such as its inflammatory potential, 64 as well as a posteriori data-driven approaches such as principal component analysis and reduced rank regression. 65 Household socioeconomic status Socioeconomic status (SES) is measured using indices based on household building materials and assets, which have been standardised across prior studies by our group. 39 Creation of a sample bank With the written informed consent of the participant, any stool or plasma samples left over following planned study assays are stored in anticipation of future advancement and standardisation as well as potential follow-on studies.…”

Section: Anthropometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome, enteric infections and child growth across a rural–urban gradient: protocol for the ECoMiD prospective cohort study

et al. 2021

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IntroductionThe functional consequences of the bacterial gut microbiome for child health are not well understood. Characteristics of the early child gut microbiome may influence the course of enteric infections, and enteric infections may change the composition of the gut microbiome, all of which may have long-term implications for child growth and development.Methods and analysisWe are conducting a community-based birth cohort study to examine interactions between gut microbiome conditions and enteric infections, and how environmental conditions affect the development of the gut microbiome. We will follow 360 newborns from 3 sites along a rural–urban gradient in northern coastal Ecuador, characterising enteric infections and gut microbial communities in the children every 3 to 6 months over their first 2 years of life. We will use longitudinal regression models to assess the correlation between environmental conditions and gut microbiome diversity and presence of specific taxa, controlling for factors that are known to be associated with the gut microbiome, such as diet. From 6 to 12 months of age, we will collect weekly stool samples to compare microbiome conditions in diarrhoea stools versus stools from healthy children prior to, during and after acute enteric infections, using principal-coordinate analysis and other multivariate statistical methods.Ethics and disseminationEthics approvals have been obtained from Emory University and the Universidad San Francisco de Quito institutional review boards. The findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals.

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A review of statistical methods for dietary pattern analysis

Cited by 145 publications

References 119 publications

Inverse Association Between the Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19 Risk in Lebanon: A Case-Control Study

Inverse Association Between the Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19 Risk in Lebanon: A Case-Control Study

Association Between Eating Habits and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Population-Based Study

Gut microbiome, enteric infections and child growth across a rural–urban gradient: protocol for the ECoMiD prospective cohort study

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