2021
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12678
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A review of starch biosynthesis in cereal crops and its potential breeding applications in rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

Abstract: Starch provides primary storage of carbohydrates, accounting for approximately 85% of the dry weight of cereal endosperm. Cereal seeds contribute to maximum annual starch production and provide the primary food for humans and livestock worldwide. However, the growing demand for starch in food and industry and the increasing loss of arable land with urbanization emphasizes the urgency to understand starch biosynthesis and its regulation. Here, we first summarized the regulatory signaling pathways about leaf sta… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Starch biosynthesis pathway was well documented in the endosperm of cereal crops ( Huang et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Figure 3A ). The hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that 27 identified sorghum starch biosynthesis-related genes presented diverse expression levels among different tissues and development stages, and all these genes were divided into two categories according to their expression patterns ( Figure 3B ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Starch biosynthesis pathway was well documented in the endosperm of cereal crops ( Huang et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Figure 3A ). The hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that 27 identified sorghum starch biosynthesis-related genes presented diverse expression levels among different tissues and development stages, and all these genes were divided into two categories according to their expression patterns ( Figure 3B ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Several TFs directly regulate starch biosynthesis (see ( Li et al., 2021b ; Li et al., 2021c )). Meanwhile, the protein kinase sucrose non-fermenting1 (SNF1)-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is activated when energy levels decline during stress, reconfiguring starch metabolism and gene expression to favour carbon degradation than build-up, ultimately restoring energy balance and homeostasis ( Peixoto and Baena-González, 2022 ).…”
Section: Key Pathways Targeted For Manipulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the capacity to efficiently redistribute resources is essential for plants to cope with abiotic stress, hence; targeted manipulations that enhance SnRK1 activity and alter central metabolism may yield improved abiotic stress tolerance in crops ( Peixoto and Baena-González, 2022 ). We opine that using modern tools such as single cell transcriptomics ( Fiers et al., 2018 ; Xia et al., 2022 ) and machine learning (ML) ( Cortés and López-Hernández, 2021 ; Sidak et al., 2022 ) to uncover the complex starch biosynthesis regulatory networks, and the less explored enzymes and genes (including TFs) ( Cho and Kang, 2020 ; Huang et al., 2021 ) will pave way for the identification of novel alleles and targets (core/hub genes and key pathways) for manipulation (eg., via OE of multiple pathway enzymes ( Li et al., 2021c ) using CRISPR-Cas9 ( Gao, 2021 ; Shelake et al., 2022 ) to enhance leaf and endosperm starch capacity, optimize energy use efficiency, and improve abiotic stress tolerance in cereals ( Cho and Kang, 2020 ; Huang et al., 2021 ).…”
Section: Key Pathways Targeted For Manipulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There is a significant relationship between the expression of ISA1 and amylopectin ( 7–9 ). Pullulanase (PUL) typically cleaves the α-1,6-bonds of the polyglucan in branched-chain starches and, to a lesser extent, branched-chain starches and is virtually inactive on glycogen ( 4 , 6 , 10 , 11 ). In these processes, enzyme activity and expression are often influenced by genetic and environmental factors, especially under high temperature and drought conditions, and the changes in enzyme activity and the gene expression level can significantly affect starch synthesis and accumulation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%