A review of starch biosynthesis in cereal crops and its potential breeding applications in rice (<i>Oryza Sativa</i> L.)

Li, Ruiqing; Wenyin, Zheng; Jiang, Meng; Zhang, Huali

doi:10.7717/peerj.12678

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Starch biosynthesis pathway was well documented in the endosperm of cereal crops ( Huang et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Figure 3A ). The hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that 27 identified sorghum starch biosynthesis-related genes presented diverse expression levels among different tissues and development stages, and all these genes were divided into two categories according to their expression patterns ( Figure 3B ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Profiling of transcriptional regulators associated with starch biosynthesis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

et al. 2022

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Starch presents as the major component of grain endosperm of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and other cereals, serving as the main energy supplier for both plants and animals, as well as important industrial raw materials of human beings, and was intensively concerned world widely. However, few documents focused on the pathway and transcriptional regulations of starch biosynthesis in sorghum. Here we presented the RNA-sequencing profiles of 20 sorghum tissues at different developmental stages to dissect key genes associated with sorghum starch biosynthesis and potential transcriptional regulations. A total of 1,708 highly expressed genes were detected, namely, 416 in grains, 736 in inflorescence, 73 in the stalk, 215 in the root, and 268 genes in the leaf. Besides, 27 genes encoded key enzymes associated with starch biosynthesis in sorghum were identified, namely, six for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), 10 for starch synthases (SSs), four for both starch-branching enzymes (SBE) and starch-debranching enzymes (DBEs), two for starch phosphorylases (SPs), and one for Brittle-1 (BT1). In addition, 65 transcription factors (TFs) that are highly expressed in endosperm were detected to co-express with 16 out of 27 genes, and 90 cis-elements were possessed by all 27 identified genes. Four NAC TFs were cloned, and the further assay results showed that three of them could in vitro bind to the CACGCAA motif within the promoters of SbBt1 and SbGBSSI, two key genes associated with starch biosynthesis in sorghum, functioning in similar ways that reported in other cereals. These results confirmed that sorghum starch biosynthesis might share the same or similar transcriptional regulations documented in other cereals, and provided informative references for further regulatory mechanism dissection of TFs involved in starch biosynthesis in sorghum.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Profiling of transcriptional regulators associated with starch biosynthesis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

et al. 2022

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“…Several TFs directly regulate starch biosynthesis (see ( Li et al., 2021b ; Li et al., 2021c )). Meanwhile, the protein kinase sucrose non-fermenting1 (SNF1)-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is activated when energy levels decline during stress, reconfiguring starch metabolism and gene expression to favour carbon degradation than build-up, ultimately restoring energy balance and homeostasis ( Peixoto and Baena-González, 2022 ).…”

Section: Key Pathways Targeted For Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the capacity to efficiently redistribute resources is essential for plants to cope with abiotic stress, hence; targeted manipulations that enhance SnRK1 activity and alter central metabolism may yield improved abiotic stress tolerance in crops ( Peixoto and Baena-González, 2022 ). We opine that using modern tools such as single cell transcriptomics ( Fiers et al., 2018 ; Xia et al., 2022 ) and machine learning (ML) ( Cortés and López-Hernández, 2021 ; Sidak et al., 2022 ) to uncover the complex starch biosynthesis regulatory networks, and the less explored enzymes and genes (including TFs) ( Cho and Kang, 2020 ; Huang et al., 2021 ) will pave way for the identification of novel alleles and targets (core/hub genes and key pathways) for manipulation (eg., via OE of multiple pathway enzymes ( Li et al., 2021c ) using CRISPR-Cas9 ( Gao, 2021 ; Shelake et al., 2022 ) to enhance leaf and endosperm starch capacity, optimize energy use efficiency, and improve abiotic stress tolerance in cereals ( Cho and Kang, 2020 ; Huang et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Key Pathways Targeted For Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic pathways engineering for drought or/and heat tolerance in cereals

Liu,

Zenda,

Tian

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Drought (D) and heat (H) are the two major abiotic stresses hindering cereal crop growth and productivity, either singly or in combination (D/+H), by imposing various negative impacts on plant physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this decreases overall cereal crop production and impacts global food availability and human nutrition. To achieve global food and nutrition security vis-a-vis global climate change, deployment of new strategies for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and higher nutritive value in cereals is imperative. This depends on first gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying D/+H stress response. Meanwhile, functional genomics has revealed several stress-related genes that have been successfully used in target-gene approach to generate stress-tolerant cultivars and sustain crop productivity over the past decades. However, the fast-changing climate, coupled with the complexity and multigenic nature of D/+H tolerance suggest that single-gene/trait targeting may not suffice in improving such traits. Hence, in this review-cum-perspective, we advance that targeted multiple-gene or metabolic pathway manipulation could represent the most effective approach for improving D/+H stress tolerance. First, we highlight the impact of D/+H stress on cereal crops, and the elaborate plant physiological and molecular responses. We then discuss how key primary metabolism- and secondary metabolism-related metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, starch metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling can be modified using modern molecular biotechnology approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9 system and synthetic biology (Synbio) to enhance D/+H tolerance in cereal crops. Understandably, several bottlenecks hinder metabolic pathway modification, including those related to feedback regulation, gene functional annotation, complex crosstalk between pathways, and metabolomics data and spatiotemporal gene expressions analyses. Nonetheless, recent advances in molecular biotechnology, genome-editing, single-cell metabolomics, and data annotation and analysis approaches, when integrated, offer unprecedented opportunities for pathway engineering for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and improved yield. Especially, Synbio-based strategies will accelerate the development of climate resilient and nutrient-dense cereals, critical for achieving global food security and combating malnutrition.

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“…There is a significant relationship between the expression of ISA1 and amylopectin ( 7–9 ). Pullulanase (PUL) typically cleaves the α-1,6-bonds of the polyglucan in branched-chain starches and, to a lesser extent, branched-chain starches and is virtually inactive on glycogen ( 4 , 6 , 10 , 11 ). In these processes, enzyme activity and expression are often influenced by genetic and environmental factors, especially under high temperature and drought conditions, and the changes in enzyme activity and the gene expression level can significantly affect starch synthesis and accumulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and physicochemical effects on the starch quality of the high-quality wheat genotype caused by delayed sowing

Huang,

Zhou,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundBread wheat is one of the most important food crops associated with ensuring food security and human nutritional health. The starch quality is an important index of high-quality wheat. It is affected by a complex series of factors; among which, suitable sowing time is a key factor.Aim and methodsTo analyze the integrative effects of sowing time on the starch quality of high-quality wheat, in the present study, we selected a high-quality bread wheat cultivar Jinan 17 and investigated the effect of different sowing times on the starch properties and the related genes by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns, apparent amylose content, thermal properties, pasting properties, in vitro starch digestibility, and qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, we also investigated the agronomic and yield performance that may be associated with the starch properties.ResultsDelayed sowing had little effect on starch crystalline morphology, but there was a tendency to reduce the formation of crystals within wheat starch granules: (1) delayed sowing for 15 days altered the thermal properties of starch, including onset, peak and termination temperatures, and enthalpy changes; (2) delayed sowing for 30 days changed the thermal characteristics of starch relatively insignificant; (3) significant differences in pasting characteristics occurred: peak viscosity and hold-through viscosity increased, while final viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity tended to increase and then decrease, suggesting that delayed sowing caused changes in the surface of the starch granules resulting in a decrease in digestibility. Analysis of related genes showed that several key enzymes in starch biosynthesis were significantly affected by delayed sowing, leading to a reduction in apparent straight-chain starch content. In addition to starch properties, thousand-kernel weight also increased under delayed sowing conditions compared with normal sowing.ConclusionThe impact of delayed sowing on starch quality is multifaceted and complex, from the fine structure, and functional properties of the starch to the regulation of key gene expression. Our study holds significant practical value for optimizing wheat planting management and maximizing the potential in both quality and yield.

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A review of starch biosynthesis in cereal crops and its potential breeding applications in rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

Cited by 8 publications

References 195 publications

Profiling of transcriptional regulators associated with starch biosynthesis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

Profiling of transcriptional regulators associated with starch biosynthesis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

Metabolic pathways engineering for drought or/and heat tolerance in cereals

Structural and physicochemical effects on the starch quality of the high-quality wheat genotype caused by delayed sowing

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