A Review of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Types in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) Species

Saber, Huda; Jasni, Azmiza Syawani; Jamaluddin, Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku; Ibrahim, Rahinah

doi:10.21315/mjms2017.24.5.2

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As previously reported by other authors, the SCC mec type IV and, especially, type III are the most common types detected among CoNS isolates of animal origin [ 8 , 28 , 42 ]. However, the majority of mecA -carrying isolates could not be SCC mec typed with the primers used, which highlights the high diversity of SCC mec types among CoNS and suggests the presence of novel SCC mec elements different from those found in MRSA isolates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Frequency and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Wild Birds in Spain. Detection of tst-Carrying S. sciuri Isolates

et al. 2020

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The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species from wild birds in Spain, as well as to analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and the virulence gene content. During 2015–2016, tracheal samples of 242 wild birds were collected in different regions of Spain for staphylococci recovery. The species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. The antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype was investigated by the disk diffusion method and by PCR, respectively. The presence of the virulence genes lukF/S-PV, tst, eta, etb, etd and scn was investigated by PCR. Moreover, CoNS carrying the mecA gene were subjected to SCCmec typing. Of the tested animals, 60% were CoNS-carriers, and 173 CoNS isolates were recovered from the 146 positive animals, which belonged to 11 species, with predominance of S. sciuri (n = 118) and S. lentus (n = 25). A total of 34% of CoNS isolates showed a multidrug resistance phenotype, and 42 mecA-positive methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) were detected. The isolates showed resistance to the following antimicrobials (percentage of resistant isolates/antimicrobial resistance genes detected): penicillin (49/ blaZ, mecA), cefoxitin (24/ mecA), erythromycin and/or clindamycin (92/ erm(B), erm(C), erm(43), msr(A), mph(C), lnu(A), lsa(B), vga(A) and sal(A)), gentamicin and/or tobramycin (5/ aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, ant(4′)-Ia), streptomycin (12/str), tetracycline (17/ tet(K), tet(L), tet(M)), ciprofloxacin (4), chloramphenicol (1/ fexA), fusidic acid (86/ fusB, fusD) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (1/ dfrK). None of the isolates harbored the lukF/S-PV, eta, etb, etd and scn genes, but two S. sciuri isolates (1%) carried the tst gene. Wild birds are frequently colonized by CoNS species, especially S. sciuri. We identified scavenging on intensively produced livestock and feeding on landfills as risk factors for CoNS carriage. High proportions of MRCoNS and multidrug resistant CoNS were detected, which coupled with the presence of important virulence genes is of concern.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Frequency and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Wild Birds in Spain. Detection of tst-Carrying S. sciuri Isolates

et al. 2020

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“…Recent publications suggest that resistance and virulence may be converging and that SCCmec types associated with community-acquired staphylococci are now exhibiting increased antibiotic resistance [16,19,20,28,[40][41][42]. Despite the predominance of SCCmec types IV/V among MRSE in the current study (n = 6), nearly all (83%) showed MDR.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…While findings for MRSE do not inform on convergence of virulence and resistance in MRSA, there is an increasing recognition that MRCoNS may play a role in the pathogenesis of community-acquired infections [40,43] since it is thought that CoNS may be an important reservoir of resistance genes for S. aureus [10,42,44]. This hypothesis is based in part on the greater prevalence of methicillin resistance among S. epidermidis relative to S. aureus isolates [30,42,44] and the reporting of in vivo transfer of SCCmec from S. epidermidis to S. aureus [45], notwithstanding that CoNS and S. aureus cocolonize and/or commonly coinfect the ocular surface [46][47][48]. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes across staphylococcal species [11,44] represents one potential mechanism underlying the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance into the community and may be a factor contributing to the high proportion of MDR observed among SCCmec type IV MRCoNS in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Staphylococci from Ocular Surface Infections Treated Empirically with Topical Besifloxacin: Antibiotic Resistance, Molecular Characteristics, and Clinical Outcomes

Schechter

Sheppard

Sanfilippo³

et al. 2019

Ophthalmol Ther

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Introduction: Understanding antibiotic resistance and toxin profiles among staphylococcal isolates in ocular infections can aid in therapeutic management and infection prevention strategies. We evaluated in vitro antibiotic resistance patterns and molecular traits of staphylococci isolated from patients with ocular surface infections. We also report on clinical outcomes for these patients following empirical treatment with topical besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6%. Methods: This was a small observational study. Participating investigators from three clinical sites collected an initial ocular culture from the affected eye of patients presenting with ocular surface infections with presumed staphylococcal etiology. Clinical outcome data for patients with confirmed staphylococcal infections were collated later through retrospective review of patient medical records. Staphylococcal species identification in ocular cultures, in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PCR-based determination of methicillin resistance cassettes and toxin genotypes were conducted at a central laboratory. Isolates were categorized as susceptible or resistant based on systemic breakpoints, where available. Results: Cultures were collected from 43 patients, and staphylococcal infections were confirmed in 25 patients. Two isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 27 isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis were identified. Both S. aureus isolates were methicillin-susceptible, lacked the gene encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and carried few enterotoxin genes. Eight (30%) S. epidermidis were methicillin-resistant (MRSE), and 10 (37%) were ciprofloxacin-resistant. All but two MRSE isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance (MDR), and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa was detected in five of the eight MRSE isolates. Clinical resolution of the ocular surface infection was reported in all 25 patients following treatment with besifloxacin. Conclusions: In this study, S. aureus contained few toxins, while SCCmec IVa and MDR was predominant among MRSE from ocular surface infections. Despite significant in vitro fluoroquinolone resistance, there were no cases of Enhanced Digital Features To view enhanced digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.10108700.

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“…The Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec), a genomic island that encodes resistance to methicillin and nearly all other beta-lactam antibiotics, is also a protagonist in the emergence of resistant strains. Analyses of numerous SCCmec sequences indicate that this mobile genetic element evolved by recombination and assembly events involving an ancestral SCCmec III cassette between strains of the S. sciuri group and the species S. vitulinus and S. fleurettii, which were then transferred to S. aureus and other species (Rolo et al, 2017), with CoNS acting as their central reservoirs (Saber et al, 2017).…”

Section: Commensal and Opportunistic Staphylococci Acting As Gene Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underrated Staphylococcus species and their role in antimicrobial resistance spreading

2020

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The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance has shed light on the interconnection between humans, animals, the environment, and their roles in the exchange and spreading of resistance genes. In this review, we present evidences that show that Staphylococcus species, usually referred to as harmless or opportunistic pathogens, represent a threat to human and animal health for acting as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes. The capacity of genetic exchange between isolates of different sources and species of the Staphylococcus genus is discussed with emphasis on mobile genetic elements, the contribution of biofilm formation, and evidences obtained either experimentally or through genome analyses. We also discuss the involvement of CRISPR-Cas systems in the limitation of horizontal gene transfer and its suitability as a molecular clock to describe the history of genetic exchange between staphylococci.Given the increasing recognition of the importance of previously overlooked Staphylococcus species, the goal of this review was to present evidences that put these bacteria in the front row of resistance dissemination and highlight their potential threat to human and animal health.

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A Review of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Types in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) Species

Cited by 48 publications

References 57 publications

Frequency and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Wild Birds in Spain. Detection of tst-Carrying S. sciuri Isolates

Frequency and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Wild Birds in Spain. Detection of tst-Carrying S. sciuri Isolates

An Evaluation of Staphylococci from Ocular Surface Infections Treated Empirically with Topical Besifloxacin: Antibiotic Resistance, Molecular Characteristics, and Clinical Outcomes

Underrated Staphylococcus species and their role in antimicrobial resistance spreading

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