“…In the past three decades, several multi-phase models using LBM have been developed, including the color fluid model 35 , the pseudo-potential model 36,37 , the mean-field model 38,39 , the phase-field model 40,41 , and the entropic LBM 42 . These methods have been continuously refined and applied to simulate various multi-phase flow problems (see both general LBM reviews 33,34 and specific multiphase LBM reviews 43,44 , and therein references). In spite of efforts and successful applications in various flow systems, simulation of multi-phase flows with large density and viscosity ratios between two fluids, as the current application targets, is still challenging.…”