A Review of Source Models of the 2015 Illapel, Chile Earthquake and Insights from Tsunami Data

Satake, Kenji; Heidarzadeh, Mohammad

doi:10.1007/s00024-016-1450-5

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…observables when producing inverse models of source kinematics (e.g., Lay, 2017;Satake and Heidarzadeh, 2017). HR-GNSS waveforms are important because they give excellent longperiod constraints on total moment and slip.…”

Section: Other Potential Uses Of Hr-gnss and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Database of Strong‐Motion Displacement GNSS Recordings and an Example Application to PGD Scaling

Ruhl

Melgar

Geng

et al. 2018

Seismological Research Letters

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Displacement waveforms derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data have become more commonly used by seismologists in the past 15 yrs. Unlike strong-motion accelerometer recordings that are affected by baseline offsets during very strong shaking, GNSS data record displacement with fidelity down to 0 Hz. Unfortunately, fully processed GNSS waveform data are still scarce because of limited public availability and the highly technical nature of GNSS processing. In an effort to further the use and adoption of high-rate (HR) GNSS for earthquake seismology, ground-motion studies, and structural monitoring applications, we describe and make available a database of fully curated HR-GNSS displacement waveforms for significant earthquakes. We include data from HR-GNSS networks at near-source to regional distances (1-1000 km) for 29 earthquakes between M w 6.0 and 9.0 worldwide. As a demonstration of the utility of this dataset, we model the magnitude scaling properties of peak ground displacements (PGDs) for these events. In addition to tripling the number of earthquakes used in previous PGD scaling studies, the number of data points over a range of distances and magnitudes is dramatically increased. The data are made available as a compressed archive with the article.

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Section: Other Potential Uses Of Hr-gnss and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Database of Strong‐Motion Displacement GNSS Recordings and an Example Application to PGD Scaling

Ruhl

Melgar

Geng

et al. 2018

Seismological Research Letters

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“…Considering that inversions based on tsunami data appear to yield the best results (e.g., Gusman et al, ; MacInnes et al, ; Satake & Heidarzadeh, ; Tang et al, ), one alternative would be to obtain the initial condition for tsunami simulation from sea surface data, without computing the earthquake rupture (e.g., Maeda et al, ; Tsushima et al, ). However, it seems difficult to rely on this approach to issue the first tsunami alarms in the very near field, since the required time for inverting tsunami sources is longer than the fastest techniques available to invert seismic focal mechanisms and finite fault models, owing to the different traveling speeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the distribution of slip in the source has important consequences on tsunami propagation and inundation, and accounting for it can be relevant for hazard forecasts (e.g., Davies et al, ; Fukutani et al, ; Geist, , ; Geist et al, ; MacInnes et al, ; Mueller et al, ; Satake & Heidarzadeh, ). Seismic source variability has become a relevant aspect in tsunami inundation evaluation, prompting stochastic finite fault modeling approaches for long‐term forecast (e.g., Burbidge et al, ; Goda & Song, ; Goda, Mai et al, ; Goda, Yasuda et al, ; Mori et al, ; Mueller et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Can We Do to Forecast Tsunami Hazards in the Near Field Given Large Epistemic Uncertainty in Rapid Seismic Source Inversions?

Cienfuegos

Catalán

Urrutia

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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The variability in obtaining estimates of tsunami inundation and runup on a near‐real‐time tsunami hazard assessment setting is evaluated. To this end, 19 different source models of the Maule Earthquake were considered as if they represented the best available knowledge an early tsunami warning system could consider. Results show that large variability can be observed in both coseismic deformation and tsunami variables such as inundated area and maximum runup. This suggests that using single source model solutions might not be appropriate unless categorical thresholds are used. Nevertheless, the tsunami forecast obtained from aggregating all source models is in good agreement with observed quantities, suggesting that the development of seismic source inversion techniques in a Bayesian framework or generating stochastic finite fault models from a reference inversion solution could be a viable way of dealing with epistemic uncertainties in the framework of nearly‐real‐time tsunami hazard mapping.

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“…Due to the shallow bathymetry of the strait, seafloor friction plays a greater role than usual to dissipate tsunami energy (e.g. Satake and Heidarzadeh 2017;Heidarzadeh et al 2016. Tsunami travel time (TTT) contours ( Fig.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Survey of Tsunami Heights and Runups Following the 22 December 2018 Anak Krakatau Volcano Tsunami, Indonesia

Heidarzadeh

Putra

Nugroho

et al. 2020

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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The 22 December 2018 Anak Karakatau tsunami in Indonesia was a rare event in that few instrumental records existed of tsunamis generated by volcanic sources before this event. The tsunami, which left a death toll of 437, is of global importance as it provides opportunities to develop knowledge on generation, propagation and coastal effects of volcanic tsunamis. Here, we report results of field surveys along the coast of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia to study tsunami wave heights and coastal damage. We surveyed 29 locations and measured ranges of tsunami runup from 0.9 to 5.2 m, tsunami heights from 1.4 to 6.3 m, flow depths from 0.2 m to 3.0 m and inundation distances from 18 to 212 m. The largest tsunami heights and concentration of damage and fatalities occurred on the western shore of Java from Tanjung Lesung to Sumur. The largest cluster of fatalities occurred at Tanjung Lesung, where more than 50 people died while attending an outdoor music being held at the shoreline. The tsunami runup and tsunami height in Tanjung Lesung were 4.0 and 2.9–3.8 m, respectively. We believe this tragedy could have been avoided if the event organizers were more aware of the hazard posed by the Anak Krakatau volcano, as it had been actively erupting for several months prior to the tsunami, and simply moved the concert stage 100 m inland. Many of the locations surveyed demonstrated a similar pattern where the majority of casualties and destruction occurred within 100 m of the coast; in several locations, lives were saved where buildings were located at least this distance inland. The significant damage and numerous deaths which occurred in Sumur, despite the moderate tsunami height of 2.3–2.5 m, can be attributed to the extremely low-lying coastal land there. Flow depth in Sumur was 0.9–2.0 m. During our field surveys, nearly one year after the event, we noted that some of the damaged buildings were being rebuilt in the same locations just 10–30 m from the shoreline. We question this practice since the new buildings could be at the same tsunami risk as those damaged in the 2018 event.

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A Review of Source Models of the 2015 Illapel, Chile Earthquake and Insights from Tsunami Data

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

A Global Database of Strong‐Motion Displacement GNSS Recordings and an Example Application to PGD Scaling

A Global Database of Strong‐Motion Displacement GNSS Recordings and an Example Application to PGD Scaling

What Can We Do to Forecast Tsunami Hazards in the Near Field Given Large Epistemic Uncertainty in Rapid Seismic Source Inversions?

Field Survey of Tsunami Heights and Runups Following the 22 December 2018 Anak Krakatau Volcano Tsunami, Indonesia

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