A Review of Some Protozoan Parasites Causing Infertility in Farm Animals

Abstract

The paper reviews some protozoan parasites responsible for infertility in livestock with specific emphasis on neosporosis, sarcocystosis, toxoplasmosis, and trichomoniasis. It highlights the transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, prevention, control, and treatment of the individual parasite. It is concluded that these parasites are often overlooked during investigation into causes of abortion in livestock, and they may, however, be responsible for some infertilities in this group of animals which may result in severe economic losses.

Prevalence of Balantidium coli in cattle and cattle breeders in some regions of Baghdad in Iraq

“…Concerning the difference among age groups, results showed that the differences were not significant (Table 2). These results supported the previous results obtained by Kanyari et al, (2010) and Wisesa et al, (2015). Meanwhile, our results disagreed with the results of Roy et al, and Al-Jaderia).…”

“…The association between gender and infection was not significant. The result is consistent with the result obtained by Kanyari et al, (2010) and Singh et al, (2012) in cattle which supported to the earlier finding of Azhar et al, (2002) who reported both male and female buffalo have the same chance of being infected with the Fasciola sp. However, the result of this study contrasted with the result obtained by Wisesa et al, (2015) who found that the infection rate of balantidiasis in cattle was significantly (p<0.05) higher in male (23.20%) than female (13.72%).…”

“…Results revealed that the prevalence of Balantidium coli in cattle from different regions of Baghdad, Iraq was 29.50% (Table 1). The present estimation is higher than 27.5% in India (Niphadkar and Raote, 1994), 25.29% in Bangladesh (Rahman and Samad, 2010), 25% in Pakistan (Bilal, 2006), 17.19% in Indonesia (Wisesa et al, 2015) and 6.6% in Kenya (Kanyari et al, 2010) and lower than 45.45% in India (Palanivel et al 2005) (Hussin, 2015). Table 1 showed the infection rates in male and female cattle were 32.30% and 28.14%, respectively.…”

Pathogens in Processed Ram Semen and Approaches for Their Elimination

“…Protozoan parasites are a significant cause of abortion and infertility in domestic ruminants (Kaltungo and Musa, 2013). Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep is distributed worldwide and is responsible for considerable economic losses.…”

“…Neospora spp., obligate intracellular parasite related to Toxoplasma gondii, has emerged as an important cause of reproductive disease, especially as an abortifacient in cattle (Kaltungo and Musa, 2013;Syed-Hussain et al, 2013). In sheep, the first natural infection of Neospora caninum was identified in 1990 in a congenitally infected lamb with signs of ataxia and weakness after birth; repeated abortions in subsequent years have also been reported.…”