A review of some fish nutrition methodologies

Belal, Ibrahim E. H.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2003.11.030

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…One hundred million tons of fish are consumed worldwide each year, providing 2.5 billion people with at least 20% of their average per capita animal protein intake [110]. Fish is one of the most efficient animal protein producers, with a food conversion ratio (FCR) between 1 and 2 [111]. Since fish demand is increasing whilst the fishing grounds are overexploited [112], aquaculture is the fastest growing sector of world food production [110].…”

Section: Overfishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Sustainable and Commercial Aquaponics

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The world is facing a number of serious problems of which population rise, climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity and food security are among the most important. Aquaponics, as a closed loop system consisting of hydroponics and aquaculture elements, could contribute to addressing these problems. However, there is a lack of quantitative research to support the development of economically feasible aquaponics systems. Although many studies have addressed some scientific aspects, there has been limited focus on commercial implementation. In this review paper, opportunities that have the potential to fill the gap between research and implementation of commercial aquaponic systems have been identified. The analysis shows that aquaponics is capable of being an important driver for the development of integrated food production systems. Arid regions suffering from water stress will particularly benefit from this technology being operated in a commercial environment. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 4200

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Section: Overfishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Sustainable and Commercial Aquaponics

et al. 2015

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“…Several methods for fecal collection have been reported for fish but the most widely used are stripping the final portion of the intestine, dissecting the intestine, or collecting the feces from the water, after evacuation (Belal, 2005). All methods have vantages and disadvantages regarding fecal contamination with endogenous components, stress responses of fish, nutrient leaching or the need to sacrifice laboratorytrained fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a methodology for measuring nutrient digestibility and evaluation of commercial feeds for channel catfish

Kitagima

Fracalossi

2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Channel catfish, a major freshwater aquaculture species in the US, is also farmed in Southern Brazil. However, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients in commercial feeds available in Brazil for the species are not known. This study aimed at optimizing a methodology for fecal collection and determination of apparent nutrient digestibility for catfish. Pilot trials were carried out to establish gastrointestinal transit, fish density, and time interval between fecal collections. Gastrointestinal transit of dry feed for catfish varied from 11h30 to 10h30 for 100 and 172-g fish, respectively. Average dry weight of feces produced along a six day period by 99-g fish was 0.54 g, regardless of stocking density (10, 15 or 20 fish per 98-L cage; p > 0.05). Described methodology allowed the collection of average 10.80 g feces per tank (dry weight) in three days. Feces collected at 1, 6 or 12 h had increased protein digestibility from 1 to 12 h, that is, there was increased protein leaching as the time of feces exposure to water increased. Fecal collection was optimized at 20 fish per tank and 6 h interval between collections. ADC of protein, energy, and dry matter of four commercial feeds for catfish using the indirect method with the addition of 0.5% of Cr 2 O 3 as an inert maker was also evaluated. Crude protein contents of commercial feeds matched manufacturer's specifications but did not yielded the 28% digestible protein required for adequate channel catfish growth. The digestible protein of commercial feeds ranged from 23.3% to 25.6% and digestible energy ranged from 1177 to 1249 kJ 100 g -1 feed. It is instrumental measuring nutrient digestibility when evaluating commercial feeds. Key words: nutrient availability, fish nutrition, siluriform fish, channel catfish Validação de um método para medir a digestibilidade de nutrientes e avaliação de rações comerciais para catfish RESUMO: O catfish americano, espécie aquícola importante nos Estados Unidos, também é produzido no sul do Brasil. Entretanto, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes das rações disponíveis no Brazil não é conhecida. Nesse estudo otimizou-se a coleta de fezes e a determinação do coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) para a espécie. Ensaios pilotos foram conduzidos para determinação do tempo de passagem do alimento no trato digestório, densidade dos peixes e intervalo entre coletas de fezes. O tempo de passagem variou de 11h30 a 10h30 em peixes com peso médio de 100 e 172 g, respectivamente. O peso médio (base seca) das fezes produzidas por peixes (peso médio 99 g), em seis dias, foi 0.54 g, independentemente de a densidade ser 10, 15 ou 20 peixes por gaiola (p > 0.05). Com esta metodologia foi possível coletar 10.80 g de fezes (base seca) por tanque em três dias. A digestibilidade da proteína aumentou com intervalos de coleta de fezes de 1, 6 e 12 h, indicando aumento na lixiviação deste nutriente à medida que aumentou o tempo de exposição das fezes à água. A coleta de fezes foi otimizada com 20 peixes por tanque e com 6 h ...

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“…Data was treated as mean+S.D. A dose-response data or growth model [33] of graded phytase inclusion was determined by the linear equation below.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Dietary Ca/P Ratio and Phytase for Growth and Bone Mineralization in Juvenile Clarias gariepinus Fed Soya Bean-Based Diet

Akpoilih¹,

ek²,

Omitoyin³

2016

J Aquac Res Development

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The research investigated the interactive effect of five phytase graded levels of 0 FTU/g (P0), 250 FTU/g (P1), 500 FTU/g (P2), 750 FTU/g (P3), 1000 FTU/g (P4) and four graded levels of roasted soya bean substitution at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in place of fish meal, respectively. All basal diets contained 0.20% calcium without added inorganic phosphorus, wheat and amino acids supplements so that the phosphorus, calcium, and Ca/P ratios of the five (5) were: S0 (1.31%, 1.85%, and 1.41), S1 (1.15%, 1.64%, and 1.43), S2 (1.01%, 1.28%, and 1.27), S3 (0.75%, 0.99%, and 1.30), and S4 (0.43%, 0.68%, and 1.59). 1092 fish of average weight 11.55 ± 0.2 g were randomly allocated to all experimental diet and fed 3% body for 84 days. There was no significant difference in final weight, weight gain and FCR S3P1 and S0P0 (P>0.05). Fish fed low phosphorus diet (100% soya bean) showed reduced total weight and weight gain compared to high (0%, 25%, 50%) and medium phosphorus diet (75%) with phytase addition (P<0.05). Fish fed phytase at 50-200 FTU/g and inorganic control had lower weight gain compared to S3P1 (P<0.05). Ca/P ratio correlated negatively with final weight (r=-0.439, P<0.01), weight gain (r=-0.431, P<0.01), SGR (r=-0.138, P>0.05), and PER (r=-0.210, P>0.05). Ca/P of S3P1 (1.41 ± 0.02) was not different from S0P0 (1.41 ± 0.01). Bone phosphorus, calcium and zinc were higher in 250 FTU/g compared to 0 FTU/g, 500 FTU/g, 750 FTU/g and 1000 FTU/g. In conclusion, Phytase improved growth performance (r=0.05) of juvenile Clarias gariepinus with optimum at 250 FTU/g; however, Ca/P affected performance (r=-0.431) and should range between 1.41-1.46 for optimum phytase activity.

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A review of some fish nutrition methodologies

Cited by 42 publications

References 37 publications

Challenges of Sustainable and Commercial Aquaponics

Challenges of Sustainable and Commercial Aquaponics

Validation of a methodology for measuring nutrient digestibility and evaluation of commercial feeds for channel catfish

Optimum Dietary Ca/P Ratio and Phytase for Growth and Bone Mineralization in Juvenile Clarias gariepinus Fed Soya Bean-Based Diet

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