A review of soil transmitted helminthiasis in Nigeria

Ohiolei, John Asekhaen; Isaac, Clement; Omorodion, Oriri Asemota

doi:10.12980/apjtd.7.2017d7-235

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The market displayed poor sanitation as soil samples from all the premises harboured one parasite stage or the other with hookworm larvae accounting for 36.58% of stages found, and seen in all soil samples across the twenty-four (24) points of collection. Similar findings are in literature (Edelduok et al, 2013;Ohiolei et al, 2017;Jourdan et al, 2018;Hassan and Oyebamiji, 2018;Oniya, 2019;WHO, 2019;Simon-Oke, 2020). The result revealed that 95.83% of the collected soil samples were contaminated with parasite eggs/ larvae as equally observed by Ojurongbe et al (2014) in Nigeria, who also penned that there is extreme contamination of soils by these organisms across the globe.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Health implications of patronage of open markets: A survey of Shasha market, Oba-ile, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

O.M.¹,

Kareem²,

O.³

2023

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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Most often, patronage of open markets attracts huge populations of buyers in Nigeria. These markets are numerous in each state of the country but largely share similar characteristics in poor hygiene and sanitation. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) was conducted at Shasha market, Oba-Ile, Akure to assess the health implication of patronage of open markets, an emerging public health concern. Air, water and selected food samples were taken for microbial analysis while soil samples from different spots in the market, and faecal samples from residents of the market community were also taken for parasitology. The respective tests followed standard procedures to determine the coliform count and parasitic fauna in the collected samples. Out of 73 faecal samples that were examined, 69 (94.52%) were positive. Hookworm ova had the highest occurrence (40%) followed by Strongyloides. stercoralis and Ascaris lumbricoides ova which were 33 and 27% respectively. The result also revealed that 95.83% of the collected soil samples were contaminated with helminth eggs and larvae including Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm. Bacteria and fungi species found in the air, water and food samples include Staphylococcus aureus, Entamoeba. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger. The market environment was highly contaminated with various stages of pathogenic organisms of public health importance and this predisposes the buyers and sellers to different communicable diseases. The market requires urgent attention by the concerned government authority in its management and sanitation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Health implications of patronage of open markets: A survey of Shasha market, Oba-ile, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

O.M.¹,

Kareem²,

O.³

2023

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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“…Clearly, STH infections are prevalent in Nigeria and highest burden is seen in the South-West region (Ohiolei et al, 2017; Karshima et al, 2018). School-age children between ages 5 and14 are reportedly high risk group as a result of their habits (Nwaorgu et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths in primary school playgrounds in Edo State, southern Nigeria

et al. 2019

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SummarySchoolchildren in primary schools are mostly at risk of acquiring soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infections due to their habits (geophagy, onychophagy and playing with barefoot). Profiling soil parasites on school playgrounds is expected to provide an insight to an array of parasites schoolchildren are constantly at risk of acquiring; and this information could guide on intervention programmes. Soil samples from sixteen primary school playgrounds in Edo State (South-South, Nigeria) were collected over a six-month period both in the dry (January, February and March) and wet (May, June and July) seasons in 2018 and early 2019. Samples were processed and analysed following standard parasitological procedures. Of the 576 soil samples collected, 318(55.2 %) were positive with one or more soil parasites. Generally, the predominant parasites recovered from the total number of soil samples collected were: Ascaris 127(22 %), Strongyloides 111(19.27 %) and hookworm 50(8.68 %). Ascaris was most preponderant in the dry season, while Strongyloides was the most occurring in the wet season. The mean differences in the parasite load for Ascaris and hookworm between dry and wet seasons were not significant; while for Strongyloides it was higher in the wet than dry season. These results could be a consequence of observed poor state of toilet/sanitary facilities as well as the lack or poor state of basic infrastructure like proper drainage and waste disposal systems in the host communities. There is therefore urgent need to interrupt the STHs transmission cycles in the environment and possibly in schoolchildren by instituting sustainable intervention programmes within schools located in STHs endemic regions like southern Nigeria.

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“…School-aged children are at high-risk of intestinal parasitic infection which may have an impact on their mental and physical growth [ 14 , 15 ]. Some behavioral aberrations such as finger sucking, encopresis, and nail biting observed in some children have been postulated as important risk factors that may encourage soil contamination by helminths and intestinal parasitic transmission from one individual to another [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the worst scenarios, parasitic infection may impact health as well as bring about malnutrition leading to mental and physical growth retardation of children. In addition, it leads to iron deficiency, anemia, malabsorption syndrome, and intestinal obstruction [ 15 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitosis among Private School-Going Pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City, Nepal

Shrestha

Tumbahangphe

Shakya

et al. 2021

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Introduction. Intestinal parasitic infections are most common and prevalent among children and accounts for great morbidity and mortality. Objective. This research is aimed at studying the prevalence and related risk factors of parasitic infections among private school-going pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City. Methods and Materials. This was a cross-sectional laboratory-based study conducted from 13 November 2018 to 26 February 2019 among 400 private school pupils. The stool samples were collected and microscopically examined for parasites using the formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. Data Analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 16.0. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to establish association between dependent and independent variables. The association was also determined using crude and adjusted odds ratio, and the test considered a P value < 0.05 as statistically significant with 95% confidence interval. Result. In this study, 46 (11.5%) children were positive for intestinal parasites. In this study, 3 protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica = 3 (0.75%)) and 43 helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides = 22 (5.5%); Enterobiusvermicularis = 6 (1.5%); Ancylostoma duodenale = 2 (0.5%); and Trichuris trichiura = 13 (3.25%)) were isolated and identified. Statistically, significant difference in the parasitic prevalence with respect to age and gender was not seen ( P > 0.05 ). However, the prevalence of parasitic infection was strongly associated with the ethnicity of the pupils ( P = 0.001 ). The strong associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections were nail-biting habit, source of drinking water, biannual deworming, thumb-sucking, hand sanitation before having food and after toilet, knowledge of parents on parasitosis, health and sanitation, keeping cat/dog as pet, and wearing protective shoes during play ( P = 0.001 ). Bowel syndromes like abdominal cramp and constipation also had a strong statistical association ( P = 0.001 ) with the prevalence of parasitic infection. According to binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the parents without awareness, pupils with a nail-biting habit, pupils not wearing shoes during play, lack of deworming, drinking direct tap water, and pupils with poor hand sanitation were more likely to be infested with intestinal parasitic infections. Conclusion. This study concludes that intestinal parasites are still prevalent among private school-going pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City. The poor sanitation and sanitary habits like biting nails, consumption of untreated drinking water, and failure to practice proper hand washing were studied as contributors to the acquisition of intestinal parasitic infections. Therefore, integration of control measures such as provision of clean and safe drinking water, improved sanitation and hygiene, with biannual administration of drugs are necessary for effective eradication of parasitic infections.

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A review of soil transmitted helminthiasis in Nigeria

Cited by 11 publications

References 63 publications

Health implications of patronage of open markets: A survey of Shasha market, Oba-ile, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Health implications of patronage of open markets: A survey of Shasha market, Oba-ile, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths in primary school playgrounds in Edo State, southern Nigeria

Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitosis among Private School-Going Pupils of Dharan Submetropolitan City, Nepal

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