A review of soil carbon change in New Zealand’s grazed grasslands

Schipper, Louis A.; Mudge, Paul L.; Kirschbaum, Miko U. F.; Hedley, C. B.; Golubiewski, Nancy E.; Smaill, Simeon J.; Kelliher, Francis M.

doi:10.1080/00288233.2017.1284134

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Observational verification of annual changes of the order of 0.4 % yr −1 is extremely difficult owing to the many important factors that may positively or negatively affect soil carbon levels under different circumstances and over different timescales (e.g. Schipper et al, 2017). However, even such proportionately small changes could be very important in the global budget and have become the basis of the recent 4 per mille initiative (e.g.…”

Section: Soil Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a more complete quantification of the global carbon cycle

et al. 2019

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Abstract. The main components of global carbon budget calculations are the emissions from burning fossil fuels, cement production, and net land-use change, partly balanced by ocean CO2 uptake and CO2 increase in the atmosphere. The difference between these terms is referred to as the residual sink, assumed to correspond to increasing carbon storage in the terrestrial biosphere through physiological plant responses to changing conditions (ΔBphys). It is often used to constrain carbon exchange in global earth-system models. More broadly, it guides expectations of autonomous changes in global carbon stocks in response to climatic changes, including increasing CO2, that may add to, or subtract from, anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, a budget with only these terms omits some important additional fluxes that are needed to correctly infer ΔBphys. They are cement carbonation and fluxes into increasing pools of plastic, bitumen, harvested-wood products, and landfill deposition after disposal of these products, and carbon fluxes to the oceans via wind erosion and non-CO2 fluxes of the intermediate breakdown products of methane and other volatile organic compounds. While the global budget includes river transport of dissolved inorganic carbon, it omits river transport of dissolved and particulate organic carbon, and the deposition of carbon in inland water bodies. Each one of these terms is relatively small, but together they can constitute important additional fluxes that would significantly reduce the size of the inferred ΔBphys. We estimate here that inclusion of these fluxes would reduce ΔBphys from the currently reported 3.6 GtC yr−1 down to about 2.1 GtC yr−1 (excluding losses from land-use change). The implicit reduction in the size of ΔBphys has important implications for the inferred magnitude of current-day biospheric net carbon uptake and the consequent potential of future biospheric feedbacks to amplify or negate net anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

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Section: Soil Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a more complete quantification of the global carbon cycle

et al. 2019

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“…Soil C sequestration in grazing lands is controlled by above-ground and below-ground plant composition and inputs, C lost from animal consumption, soil characteristics, C distribution in labile and stable pools, and litter and root deposition and decomposition rates [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. Management strategies such as adjusting stocking rates to regulate the vegetation utilization rate [16] and adoption of improved grass species or conversion from agricultural lands or woodlands to grasslands would increase C input and potentially promote soil C accumulation [3,60]. However, since soil C decomposition rates can also be influenced by management, the response of both C input and loss should be evaluated to assess the overall effect of grazing land management on C sequestration.…”

Section: Soil C Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applying fertilizer on grazing land can improve plant production because nutrients are needed to meet the plant growth demand [114]. At the same time, litter and root production and turnover can be increased to promote soil C sequestration [50,60,61,115]. Conversely, ecosystems under limited soil nutrients can decrease C sequestration due to the competition between plant and soil microbes [116][117][118].…”

Section: Fertilization Irrigation Burning and Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Grazing Land Soil Health to Management Strategies: A Summary Review

Jagadamma

Rowntree

2018

Sustainability

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Grazing land ecosystem services including food provision and climate regulation are greatly influenced by soil health. This paper provides a condensed review of studies on the response of three important soil properties related to soil health to grazing land management: water infiltration, carbon (C) sequestration, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Impacts of management strategies that are often used in grazing lands are discussed in this review including vegetation composition, grazing methods, and other factors such as fertilizer use and climatic conditions. In general, proper grazing management such as continuous moderate grazing and rotational/deferred-rotational grazing with low or moderate stocking rates tends to benefit all three soil properties. Water infiltration can usually be increased with full vegetation cover, increased soil C, and aggregate stability, or be decreased with greater soil bulk density. Adoption of highly productive plant species with faster turnover rates can promote soil C sequestration by increasing C input. However, excessive C removal from ecosystems due to overgrazing or improper soil fertilization management results in higher C loss, which can have detrimental effects on soil C sequestration. Proper stocking rate and a balanced manure/fertilizer management was found to be critical for enhancing NUE. Grazing land management sometimes simultaneously influence the three soil properties. Techniques that can increase soil C such as introduction of high productive plant species can often promote water infiltration and soil nitrogen (N). Some other practices such as adoption of N fertilizer may enhance C sequestration while being detrimental to NUE. An integrated management plan for a specific location or farm should be considered carefully to improve soil health as well as ecosystem production. This review provides farmers and policy makers the current state of general knowledge on how health-related soil processes are affected by grazing land management.

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“…Observational verification of annual changes of the order of 0.4% yr -1 is extremely difficult owing to the many important factors that may positively or negatively affect soil carbon levels under different circumstances and over different time scales (e.g. Schipper et al, 2017). However, even such proportionately small changes could be very 5 important in the global budget and have become the basis of the recent 4 per mille initiative (e.g.…”

Section: Soil Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a more complete quantification of the global carbon cycle

Kirschbaum¹,

Zeng²,

Ximenes³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The main components of global carbon budget calculations are the emissions from burning fossil fuels, cement production, and net land-use change, partly balanced by ocean CO2 uptake and CO2 increase in the atmosphere. The remaining difference between these terms is referred to as the residual sink, assumed to correspond to increasing carbon storage in the terrestrial biosphere (&#916;B). It is often used to constrain carbon exchange in global earth-system models. More broadly, it guides expectations of autonomous changes in global carbon stocks in response to climatic changes, including increasing CO2, that may add to, or subtract from, anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, a budget with only these terms omits some important additional fluxes that are important for correctly inferring &#916;B. They are cement carbonation and fluxes into increasing pools of plastic, bitumen, harvested-wood products, and landfill deposition after disposal of these products, and carbon fluxes to the oceans via wind erosion and non-CO2 fluxes of the intermediate break-down products of methane and other volatile organic compounds. While the global budget includes river transport of dissolved inorganic carbon it omits river transport of dissolved and particulate organic carbon, and the deposition of carbon in inland water bodies. Each one of these terms is relatively small, but together they can constitute important additional fluxes that would significantly reduce the size of the inferred &#916;B. We estimate here that inclusion of these fluxes would reduce &#916;B from the currently reported 3.6 down to only about 2.1&#8201;GtC&#8201;yr&#8722;1 (excluding losses from land-use change). The implicit reduction in the size of &#916;B has important implications for the inferred magnitude of current-day biospheric net carbon uptake and the consequent potential of future biospheric feedbacks to amplify or negate net anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

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A review of soil carbon change in New Zealand’s grazed grasslands

Cited by 49 publications

References 84 publications

Towards a more complete quantification of the global carbon cycle

Towards a more complete quantification of the global carbon cycle

Response of Grazing Land Soil Health to Management Strategies: A Summary Review

Towards a more complete quantification of the global carbon cycle

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