A review of sleep disturbances following traumatic brain injury

Abstract

Background: Sleep disorders are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: We review the literature regarding sleep disturbances in the acute and chronic phase following TBI in both the adult and pediatric population. Results: Acute and chronic disruption of sleep commonly follows TBI and contributes to morbidity commonly seen post-injury in both adults and children. This includes the direct effect of TBI leading to sleep disruption, as well as sleep disorders resulting from TBI itself. Pre-TBI neurocognitive testing is important to determine a baseline prior to injury, while disrupted sleep can also prolong recovery after TBI. Early recognition of sleep disturbances post-injury can lead to earlier treatment and limit the sequelae of TBI, as well as assist in recovery. Conclusion: We suggest that evaluation for sleep disturbances following TBI is a critical component of post-TBI assessment and management.

Lipid Profile and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adult Candidates for Lumbar Disc Degenerative Disease Surgery

“…The high values of BMI and abdominal circumference in our patients are in line with the results of some previ- ous studies, including the studies by Takatalo et al [17], Samartzis et al [25], and Hangai et al [7], about overweight and abdominal circumference in LDD patients. On the other hand, it disagrees with the results of some other studies like Jones et al [1], Vidman et al [21], and Daneshjoo and colleagues [26].…”

“…In addition to loading mechanical pressure on lumbar vertebra [13,14], overweight and obesity are effective in degenerative disc diseases, through biochemical changes [10], effects on lipid profile, vascular and metabolic diseases [8,10], and other known mechanisms. The results of the present study on the lack of physical activity in the subjects under study are in line with the results of the studies by Hengei et al [7], Daneshjoo and colleagues [26], and disagrees with the results of the studies by Stephen et al [27] and Takatalo et al [17] about sport exercises and DD. The results of some studies suggest that regular and continuous physical activity reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases more effectively compared to sport exercise [8,27].…”

“…In the study by Jones et al on 282 individuals older than 60, smoking at the time of examination had an effect on the development and severity of spinal osteophytes, with intermediate values for past smokers [1]. In the Finnish cohort study by Takatalo et al on 558 young people with the mean age of 21 years, continuous smoking for at least 4 years was associated with DD among males [17].…”

“…Smoking habit also affects the incidence of LDD and increases the risk of hospitalization in affected patients [1,17]. Obesity and tobacco are considered as potential risk factors for degenerative intervertebral disc diseases [8].…”

Unraveling the Biopsychosocial Factors of Fatigue and Sleep Problems After Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for a Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort Study (Preprint)

“…The more frequent mild TBI's are considered as trivial and benign injuries as opposed to less prevalent moderate to severe injuries, which are associated with longlasting consequences for the patients and their environment [3]. Due to the high individual and societal costs associated with extensive rehabilitation needs and chronic disability, moderate to severe TBI represents a critical public health issue [4], with fatigue and sleep problems playing significant roles in the recovery process [5,6]. Between 30% to 70% of the patients experience fatigue [7] and a meta-analysis indicated that 53% experience sleep problems [8].…”