A review of site factors affecting the early growth of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

Kerr, Gary; Cahalan, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.016

Cited by 38 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It is well-known that the best growth of F. excelsior and A. pseudoplatanus occurs on base-rich soils [58] which have a high moisture level [37], and on nutrient rich sites [9]. In addition, sediment texture of alluvial valleys of small rivers varies primarily with the bedrock nature.…”

Section: Composition Of the Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential of natural woody species regeneration for the conversion of Norway spruce plantations on alluvial soils

2004

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-In the perspective of the conversion of Norway spruce plantations, there is a need for foresters to assess the potential of the natural woody species regeneration. We studied 50 Norway spruce plantations on alluvial soils throughout the Grand-duché de Luxembourg and compared the regeneration characteristics (species composition, spatial heterogeneity) with 42 riverine deciduous stands (the target communities). Within the Norway spruce plantations, Fraxinus excelsior and Acer pseudoplatanus were the main regenerating species, probably because of their very good dispersal abilities. Norway spruce seedlings were quasi-absent. Low Norway spruce densities and baserich soils (local factors) as well as proximity of riverine deciduous forests (regional factor) strongly favoured the regeneration of a suite of broad-leaved species. The thickness of Norway spruce litter did not appear to be a limiting factor, at least for large-seeded tree seedlings. The spatial heterogeneity of the woody regeneration was rather similar in coniferous and deciduous stands. We conclude that for the development of multifunctional forests, the spontaneous regeneration under low-dense Norway spruce stands on base-rich soils provides a valuable starting point. Picea abies / floodplain / spontaneous rejuvenation / spatial heterogeneity / LuxembourgRésumé -Évaluation des potentialités de régénération naturelle pour la conversion des plantations d'épicéas sur sols alluviaux. Dans une perspective de conversion des plantations d'épicéas, les forestiers ont besoin d'évaluer les potentialités de régénération naturelle. Nous avons étudié 50 plantations d'épicéas sur sols alluviaux au grand-duché de Luxembourg et comparé les caractéristiques de cette régénération naturelle (composition, hétérogénéité spatiale) à 42 forêts riveraines de feuillus (communautés de référence). Dans les plantations d'épicéas, Fraxinus excelsior et Acer pseudoplatanus sont les principales espèces qui régénèrent, probablement en raison de leur grande capacité de dispersion. Les jeunes épicéas sont quasiment absents. La régénération des essences feuillues est fortement favorisée par de faibles densités d'épicéas, par des sols riches en bases (facteurs locaux) et par la proximité de forêts alluviales (facteur régional). La litière de l'épicéa ne semble pas être un facteur limitant à la régénération, au moins pour les essences à grosses graines. L'hétérogénéité spatiale de la régénération est très similaire dans les peuplements de feuillus ou d'épicéas. En conclusion, la régénération spontanée d'essences feuillues sous les plantations d'épicéas peu denses et établies sur des sols basiques est un point de départ très intéressant dans un processus de conversion de ces plantations vers des forêts multifonctionelles.Picea abies / plaine alluviale / régénération naturelle / hétérogénéité spatiale / Luxembourg

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Section: Composition Of the Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential of natural woody species regeneration for the conversion of Norway spruce plantations on alluvial soils

2004

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“…European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is an important tree species in Europe and a great part of Asia (Kerr & Cahalan, 2004;Fraxigen, 2005;Tollefsrud et al, 2016). Fraxinus is a flexible genus which can be found over a wide range of growing conditionsfrom coastal to mountainous regions, especially on steep slopes (Stöhr & Lösch, 2004), from pioneer to mature woodland, from nutrient-rich to poorer soils (Ferrazzini et al, 2007;Dufour & Piégay, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…almost annual fructification of seeds easily dispersible by wind (Mitchell, 1974), or fast growth at young age (Szymura et al, 2010). Successful growth is also supported by the architecture of the ash crown canopy (Marigo et al, 2000;Kerr & Cahalan, 2004). Next, ash leaf litter is phytotoxic and might limit the growth of other plants (Dobrowolska et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fungal pathogens and climatic factors on production, biodiversity and health status of ash mountain forests

Vacek¹,

Vacek²,

Bulušek³

et al. 2017

Dendrobiology

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European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is a broad-leaved fast-growing tree species common in most parts of Europe, highly-valued for its ecological properties and occurrence in many forest site types. Its future is threatened, especially by an invasive fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus causing disintegration of E. ash stands throughout all Europe. This paper deals with changes in stand structure, biodiversity and production parameters in mixed European ash stands in the Krkonoše Mountains National park, Czech Republic, with respect to ash dieback progress for period [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014][2015]. Studied four permanent research plots (0.25 ha) showed negative dynamics of stand structural and production parameters. Volume of ash ranged between 98-376 m 3 ha -1 (stand volume 378-613 m 3 ha -1), which indicates a decrease by 2.7% during 6 years. Detected fungi caused mean deterioration of foliage by 22.9%, canopy by 15.8% and mortality reached 15.2%. The earlier ash dieback symptoms were detected at suppressed and intermediate trees, especially on waterlogged sites and at low altitude. Conversely, ash dieback was reflected less intensively at higher-elevated sloping stands, although low temperature (particularly severe frosts at the beginning of the year) was prevailing limiting factor for radial growth of ash in these mountain areas. The biodiversity indices of tree layer indicate mostly medium values with a decreasing tendency (to 22.4%). Relationship between spatial pattern of trees without dieback symptoms and infected trees was positive at small distances (to 7 m) or random. In terms of preventive silvicultural practices, strong systematic thinning is recommended to maintain the vitality of ash stands.

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“…Taylor (1991, cited in Kerr and Cahalan 2004) estimated the K concentrations for optimal growth of ashes to be even higher than 9 mg/g. According to Kerr and Cahalan (2004) N concentrations should be >23 mg/g and P concentrations >2.2 mg/g for an optimal growth. According to our study, a suYcient foliar nutrition; however, were already met by N values higher than 20.8 mg/g for ash and 20.3 mg/g for sycamore and by P values higher than 1.3 mg/g for ash and 1.4 mg/g for sycamore ( Table 2).…”

Section: Nutritional Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, ash and sycamore were found to have positive eVects on the soil, particularly on humus type and topsoil chemistry (Weber et al 1993;Heitz 1998;Hagen-Thorn et al 2004). Finally, there is some evidence that these species are very productive when they are mixed together (Kerr and Cahalan 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and nutrition of young European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) on sites with different nutrient and water statuses

et al. 2008

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This study aimed to improve knowledge about the nutritional status, site requirements and site classiWcation for European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) by reinvestigating young plantations from 1991/1992 on windfall-aVected areas in Bavaria/Germany after another decade. Compared to the Wrst survey in 1995, most stands improved their nutritional status until 2006. With the data set of element concentrations in leaves of ash and sycamore available, the range of adequate nutrition could be determined for these species in the pole stage phase. Both species show considerable height growth on a wide range of sites. Mean annual height growth of dominant sycamore trees increased with rising foliar N or P concentrations but not for Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Fe and Al. For ash, there was no relationship between the foliar nutrient level of any element and mean annual height growth. However, total height around age 20 was favourably inXuenced by high base saturation and a good water supply at well-drained sites. On acid soils, where nutrients are delivered by subsurface water Xow, well-growing stands are found as well. Soil water status according to the state forest soil classiWcation had no signiWcant impact on mean annual height growth. Ash and sycamore show reduced productivity on some (moderately) dry soils and fail on poorly drained moist sites. Based on these results, the classiWcation of forest sites suitable for ash and sycamore within the Bavarian study sites was revised.

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A review of site factors affecting the early growth of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

Assessing the potential of natural woody species regeneration for the conversion of Norway spruce plantations on alluvial soils

Assessing the potential of natural woody species regeneration for the conversion of Norway spruce plantations on alluvial soils

Effect of fungal pathogens and climatic factors on production, biodiversity and health status of ash mountain forests

Growth and nutrition of young European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) on sites with different nutrient and water statuses

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